The roots of Nardostachys jatamansi inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxin shock

Abstract

Nardostachys jatamansi (NJ) has been used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. However, it is not clear how NJ produces anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, using an experimental model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxin shock, the protective effects and mechanisms of action of NJ were investigated. The water extract of roots of NJ was administrated to mice orally (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg) 1 h after or before LPS challenge. The administration of NJ inhibited LPS-induced endotoxin shock and the production of inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-α/β. Murine peritoneal macrophages were used to determine the production of inflammatory mediators. In peritoneal macrophages, NJ also inhibited LPS-induced production of inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-α/β. In addition, NJ reduced the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the level of expression of interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-1 and IRF-7 mRNA. Furthermore, post-treatment with NJ reduced LPS-induced endotoxin shock and the production of inflammatory mediators. These results suggest that NJ inhibits endotoxin shock by inhibiting the production of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-α/β through the inhibition of MAPKs activation and IRF induction.

The regulation role of interferon regulatory factor-1 gene and clinical relevance

“…Over-expression of IRF-1 in donor graft further prove IRF-1 is an important regulator of IR injury after transplantation. Bae et al provides the evidence that Nardostachys jatamansi (NJ, one kind of herb) inhibits endotoxic shock by inhibiting the production of IL-1b, IL-6, TNF-a, and IFNa/b through the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) activation and IRF induction [56].…”

Beneficial Effects of Fractions ofNardostachys jatamansion Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response

“…When injected into animals, these cytokines recapitulate many clinical and laboratory features of sepsis, supporting the concept that sepsis represents a “cytokine storm.” Thus, regulation of cytokines may prove valuable for the prevention and treatment of sepsis. In this study, just as the total extract of NJ inhibited the production of cytokines [7], fractions 3, 4, and 6 also inhibited the production of cytokines (Figures 3 and 4). These results suggest that the ability of NJ to inhibit cytokine production may originate from fractions 3, 4, and/or 6.…”

“…Particularly in endotoxin shock, NJ showed a marked preventive effect and strong therapeutic potential against LPS challenge [7]. Although many of our studies have indicated the benefits of NJ on inflammatory diseases, which compounds of NJ could exhibit anti-inflammatory properties are unknown.…”

“…It has been reported that the root of NJ contains various sesquiterpenes, including jatamansic acid, and jatamansone, lignans, and neolignans. We previously reported that aqueous extract of NJ is effective in protecting against inflammatory challenges [6–10], particularly against LPS-induced inflammation and endotoxin shock [7]. In particular, one fraction of NJ extract (fraction 4) demonstrated a protective effect against cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis [11].…”

The inhibitory effects of Nardostachys jatamansi on alcoholic chronic pancreatitis

“…The deactivation or extermination the PSCs is well-known treatment of CP (6). We already have reported that Nardostachys jatamansi (NJ) has protective effects on acute pancreatitis, and sepsis (7,8). We have used the root decoction in the evaluation of NJ's effects.…”