Beneficial Effects of Fractions ofNardostachys jatamansion Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response

Abstract

It has been previously shown that Nardostachys jatamansi (NJ) exhibits anti-inflammatory properties against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenges. However, the potency of NJ constituents against LPS-induced inflammatory responses has not been examined. In this present study, we determined which NJ extract fractions exhibit inhibitory effects against LPS-induced inflammatory responses. Among the NJ fractions, NJ-1, NJ-3, NJ-4, and NJ-6 inhibited LPS-induced production of NO. The NJ-3, NJ-4, and NJ-6 fractions also inhibited the production of cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. However, NJ-1, NJ-3, NJ-4, and NJ-6 showed differential inhibitory mechanisms against LPS-induced inflammatory responses. NJ-1, NJ-3, and NJ-4 inhibited LPS-induced activation of c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 but did not affect activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) or NF-κB. On the other hand, NJ-6 inhibited activation of MAPKs and NF-κB. In addition, in vivo experiments revealed that administration of NJ-1, NJ-3, NJ-4, and NJ-6 reduced LPS-induced endotoxin shock, with NJ-6 especially showing a marked protective effect. Taken together, these results provide the evidence for the potential of selective NJ fractions against LPS-induced inflammation. Thus, it will be advantageous to further isolate and determine single effective compounds from these potent fractions.

Plant Species of Sub-Family Valerianaceae—A Review on Its Effect on the Central Nervous System

“…The neuroprotective effect of an ethanol extract from the roots of this species against Aβ toxicity was studied in vitro using a cell culture system and in vivo using a Drosophila AD model [ 82 ] and the results suggest that the neuroprotective effect observed can be linked with the extract antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and its inhibitory effect against extracellular-signal-regulated kinase signaling. Indeed, several extracts, fractions, and compounds from this species exhibited anti-neuro inflammatory by different mechanisms [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 83 , 84 ].…”

Nardostachys chinensis Batalin: A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology

“…It inhibited production of NO and cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in concentration dependent manner with highest at 100 μg/ml. Moreover, in an in vivo endotoxin shock model, it showed a marked protective effect in female mice(Bae et al, 2014).N. jatamansi essential oil has anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties as it inhibited protein molecules related to immune responses (macrophage colony-stimulating factor), inflammation (monocyte chemo attractant protein 1, intracellular cell adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, interferon gammainduced protein 10, and interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemo attractant), and tissue-remodeling processes (Collagens I and III, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and TIMP-1, and TIMP-2) in a human dermal fibroblast culture in vitro(Han, Beaumont, Stevens, & Parker, 2017).…”

Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry of Desoxo-Narchinol a and Its Pharmacokinetics and Oral Bioavailability in Rats and Mice

“…For example, studies have reported that Nardostachys jatamansi possesses hepato-protective [1], gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) enhancing [4], anti-parkinsonian [5], and anticonvulsant [6] activities in rats. Various activities of Nardostachys jatamansi , including antidepressant [7], improvement of learning and memory [8], antidiabetic [9], and anti-inflammatory [10], have also been demonstrated in mice. Recently, in-vitro-derived plants of Nardostachys jatamansi have also shown an anti-cholinesterases, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, and anti-tyrosinase potential [11].…”