The role of the trivalent metal in an LDH: Synthesis, characterization and fire properties of thermally stable PMMA/LDH systems

Manzi-Nshuti, Charles; Wang, Dongyan; Hossenlopp, Jeanne M.; Wilkie, Charles A.

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.12.012

Cited by 56 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Accordingly, the pristine LDHs have to be modified with organic anions and many kinds of anions have been successfully intercalated into LDHs to study the influence on properties of nanocomposites, including the common inorganic anions, carboxylates, sulfates, polymeric anions, and complex anions, such as polyoxometalate [10,11]. The influence of the metal ions and linear alkyl carboxylates in organo-LDH on fire properties of PMMA and PS has been reported in previous work from this laboratory [12][13][14]. There are few reports comparing different kinds of organic anions on the dispersion of organo-LDHs in polymers and the fire properties of polymer nanocomposites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Variation of anions in layered double hydroxides: Effects on dispersion and fire properties

Wang

Chen

et al. 2009

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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a b s t r a c tLayered double hydroxides (LDHs) are interesting materials for nanocomposite formation because one can vary the identity of the metals, the anions and the stoichiometry to see the effect of these on the ability of the nano-material to disperse in a polymer and to see what effect dispersion has on the properties of the polymer. In this study, the anions 2-ethylhexyl sulfate (SEHS), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (HDEHP) and dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS) have been utilized as the charge balancing anions to synthesize organo-LDHs. Nanocomposites of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) with organo-LDHs were prepared both by melt blending and bulk polymerization. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the morphology of the nanocomposites while the thermal stability and fire properties of nanocomposites were studied by thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimetry; the mechanical properties are also investigated. In general, it is easier to disperse these organo-LDHs in PMMA than in PS, but the sulfate cannot be dispersed at the nanometer level in either material. The addition of these organo-LDHs does not affect the mechanical properties. The best fire properties are obtained with the sulfonate LDH, SDBS; the reduction in the peak heat release rate is almost 50% for both polymers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Variation of anions in layered double hydroxides: Effects on dispersion and fire properties

Wang

Chen

et al. 2009

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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“…The trivalent metal has also been varied (Al and Fe) with Ca as the divalent metal. The aluminumcontaining system shows better dispersion than that containing iron [20]. Beyond PMMA, reports also exist where organically modified layered double hydroxides show efficacy in improving the fire properties of non-polar polymers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Polymer nanocomposites using zinc aluminum and magnesium aluminum oleate layered double hydroxides: Effects of LDH divalent metals on dispersion, thermal, mechanical and fire performance in various polymers

Manzi-Nshuti

Songtipya

Manias

et al. 2009

Polymer

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Abstract:Oleate-containing layered double hydroxides of zinc aluminum (ZnAl) and magnesium aluminum (MgAl) were used to prepare nanocomposites of polyethylene, poly(ethylene-co-butyl acrylate) and poly(methyl methacrylate). The additives and/or their polymer composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, FTIR, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, mechanical testing, and cone calorimetry. The unusual packing of the monounsaturated oleate anions in the gallery of these LDHs facilitates the dispersion of these nanomaterials. The inorganic LDH protects the polymer from thermal oxidation, shown by enhancement of the thermal and fire properties of the corresponding polymer nanocomposites. There is a qualitative difference in the morphology of the two LDHs in PE and PMMA. ZnAl is better dispersed in PE while MgAl is better dispersed in PMMA. The zinc-containing material led to a large reduction in the peak heat release rate in polyethylene, while the magnesium-containing material led to enhancement of the fire properties of the more polar poly(methyl methacrylate). These fire properties are consistent with the morphological differences. Neither of these LDHs shows efficacy with poly(ethylene-co-butyl acrylate), which indicates a selective interaction between the LDH and the various polymers.

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“…Although PMMA nanocomposites with cobalt-containing LDHs were reported to have a better dispersion than other nanocomposites, a clear explanation has not been provided for the superior flame retardant performance of Co/Al-LDH over other LDHs. In another investigation that compared the role of trivalent metals in LDHs, Ca/Al-LDH gave a higher reduction in the PHRR of PMMA (54%) compared to that of Ca/Fe-LDH (34%) at a 10 wt% loading [104], which is likely due to differences in dispersion of these LDHs. Mg/Al-LDH intercalated with various benzyl anions of differing functionalities (i.e.…”

Section: Flame Retardancy Of Ldhs In Poly(methyl Methacrylate)mentioning

confidence: 95%

Layered Double Hydroxides

Shanmuganathan

Ellison

2014

Polymer Green Flame Retardants

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The role of the trivalent metal in an LDH: Synthesis, characterization and fire properties of thermally stable PMMA/LDH systems

Cited by 56 publications

References 34 publications

Variation of anions in layered double hydroxides: Effects on dispersion and fire properties

Variation of anions in layered double hydroxides: Effects on dispersion and fire properties

Polymer nanocomposites using zinc aluminum and magnesium aluminum oleate layered double hydroxides: Effects of LDH divalent metals on dispersion, thermal, mechanical and fire performance in various polymers

Layered Double Hydroxides

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