The role of the fibroblast growth factor family in bone‐related diseases

Abstract

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family members are important regulators of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and regeneration. The abnormal expression of certain FGF family members can cause skeletal diseases, including achondroplasia, craniosynostosis syndrome, osteoarthritis, and Kashin-Beck disease. Accumulating evidence shows that FGFs play a crucial role in the growth and proliferation of bone and in the pathogenesis of certain bone-related diseases. Here, we review the involvement of FGFs in bone-related processes and diseases; FGF1 in the differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and fracture repair; FGF2, FGF9, and FGF18 in osteoarthritis; FGF6 in bone and muscle injury; FGF8 in osteoarthritis and Kashin-Beck disease; and FGF21 and FGF23 on bone regulation. These findings indicate that FGFs are targets for novel therapeutic interventions for bone-related diseases. K E Y W O R D S abnormal expression, bone-related diseases, fibroblast growth factor, targeted therapy | 1741 WANG et Al.a variety of skeletal abnormalities, including achondroplasia and craniosynostosis syndrome (Kan et al., 2002). Therefore, the role of FGFs in bone-related diseases has received considerable attention. In this review, we discuss the emerging roles of fibroblast growth factors in bone-related diseases and we provide new insights into the development of novel therapies for bone-related diseases.

Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Human Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Transcriptomic Analysis

“…Moreover, exosomes derived from adipose MSCs were reported to contain FGF1 transcript [60]. Interestingly, other members of this family, such as FGF6, FGF9, FGF18, and FGF23, show regulatory activity in bone development [61,62]. The expression of the FGFs in the transcriptomic profile of the hGMSCs-derived EVs support their potential for application in regenerative medicine.…”

FGF/FGFR signaling in health and disease

“…218 FGF1 may promote bone repair by inhibiting adipogenic differentiation and increasing the number of osteoblasts in the inflammatory environment. 251,252 Using transgenic mice, Hurley's group proved that LMW FGF2 accelerates the tibia fracture healing process through promoting chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation and vascular invasion, and enhances the calvaria defect healing through canonical Wnt signaling. 253,254 There is a strong positive association between plasma FGF21 levels and BMD in healthy women, 255 although FGF21 promotes bone loss in mice.…”

Interactions between Muscle and Bone—Where Physics Meets Biology

“…Glucocorticoids (GC) might be a common and potentially pathologic regulatory link between muscle and bone regeneration, since FGF-2 rescues both the deleterious effects of GC on myostatin and SOST expression [80]. Members of the FGF family exert multiple functions in bone and muscle [81,82]. The FGF23 is a member of the endocrine subfamily of FGFs that regulates phosphate excretion in the kidney and the intestinal phosphate uptake via the downregulation of 1α-hydroxylase, the vitamin D-activating gatekeeper enzyme.…”

“…Many of these genes have putative functions in bone regeneration (see also text). Virtually all genes of the inflammatory phase have implications in the early phase of skeletal stem cell commitment and bone regeneration; also, genes active in neoangiogenesis are relevant for bone healing, regeneration, and remodeling [82,91,96,97]. Abbreviations: CYR61/CCN1: cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61, TNF: tumor necrosis factor.…”