The Role of Stress in Abnormal Behavior and Other Abnormal Conditions Such as Hair Loss

Novak, Melinda A.; Hamel, Amanda F.; Ryan, Amy; Menard, Mark T.; Meyer, Jerrold S.

doi:10.1201/9781315120652-6

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Both may occur in a large proportion of animals, but there is no clear evidence that either significantly compromises the animals' health or their engagement in typical behaviors for their species, age group, housing, etc. (Novak et al, 2017). In fact, Poirier and Batson (2017) have recently provided a detailed critical evaluation that argues for the urgency of determining whether pacing is, in fact, an indicator of wellbeing.…”

Section: Definitional and Methodological Issues In Measurement Of Abnmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research on the effects of EE has often focused on the reduction of what are termed "abnormal" behaviors, including stereotypies (i.e., rocking, body flips), self-directed behavior (i.e., digit-sucking, hair pulling ), self-injurious behavior (i.e., self-biting, selfwounding) that occur in a some primates in a broad range of captive settings (for review c.f., Jacobson, Ross, & Bloomsmith, 2016;Lutz, 2014;Mason, 1991;Novak, Hamel, Ryan, Menard, & Meyer, 2017). We view this type of research as approaching evaluation of EE from a "clinical treatment" model, one that is focused on reducing behavioral symptoms that can be associated with compromised psychological and physical welfare.…”

Section: Clinical Treatment Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Full review is beyond the scope of this paper. Over the past 50+ years several research groups have published studies reporting on either prevalence estimates or analysis of factors associated with risk of NHP developing abnormal behavior (e.g., for review and additional references see Lutz, 2014;M. A. Novak et al, 2017).…”

Section: Prevalence Of Abnormal Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One clear challenge is the fact that standards of care for NHP have changed over time. Specifically, housing and care conditions, including the provision of social-housing and multi-modal EE have been the focus of attention and has changed via practices and federal policy over the past three decades (for review c.f., Novak et al, 2017;Schapiro, 2017;USDA Animal Welfare Information Center, 2005;Weed & O'Neill-Wagner, 2015). Thus, the rearing and care conditions for NHP in the 2000s are unquestionably different than those for animals prior to the 1996 changes in federal law.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Abnormal Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Model Quantitative Assessment Tool for Nonhuman Primate Environmental Enrichment Plans

Dutton

Pierre

Bailoo

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The housing and care of captive nonhuman primates (NHP) typically meets federal regulations and standards as well as guidelines by private accreditation organizations. There is, however, a gap between such policy, common practices, and the findings of a large empirical research literature on the effects of environmental enrichment (EE), particularly with respect to the degree to which different enrichment strategies lead to a demonstrable improvement of the animal's psychological wellbeing. Assessment tools to guide decisions about selection and refinement of EE practices are largely missing and our companion paper offers a theoretically grounded qualitative approach to the categorization and assessment of sensory, motor, and cognitive (SMC) EE strategies. Here, we propose and illustrate a model for quantitative assessment of enrichment practices using a sample of research facility, zoo, and sanctuary NHP environmental enrichment plans (EEP). Our scoring technique provides a means for comparing the efficacy of different strategies across facilities and allows for the selection of priority areas for improvement. Overall, our assessment tool provides a framework that has several advantages. It is inherently flexible. It can be tailored to fit a range of species. It can readily be adapted to accommodate new evidence about a specific EE strategy, or new EE strategies, or both. Because a scientifically valid evidence-based framework drives priority, our method is readily adaptable to different types of facilities and is more likely to lead to longer-term benefits, both in terms of the enhancement of psychological wellbeing of captive NHP, and with respect to the judicious use of limited resources.

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Section: Definitional and Methodological Issues In Measurement Of Abnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Treatment Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevalence Of Abnormal Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevalence Of Abnormal Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Model Quantitative Assessment Tool for Nonhuman Primate Environmental Enrichment Plans

Dutton

Pierre

Bailoo

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…handling, nursing, breeding) (Morgan & Tromborg, 2007;Dickens & Benley, 2014;Quadros et al, 2014). Stress induced by these factors can compel the species to modify their behavior and activity budgets to adapt into the environment (Young, 2003;De Azevedo, 2007;Novak et al, 2017;De Almeida et al, 2018). Among behavioral changes, stereotypies are key for eavesdropping animal welfare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental enrichment for captive capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.) using natural material

Sobroza

Fortes

2018

Revista Brasileira De Zoociências

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Captive environments are relatively less complex as compared to wild, and consequently contain less stimuli for any animal within them, which may be stressful. One approach to mitigate stress in captive animals is the application of environmental enrichment techniques. Capuchin monkeys are among the most common primates in captivity, therefore, evaluating the efficacy of environmental enrichment techniques for these species is important. In this study, we evaluated the effects of natural material as environmental enrichment for Sapajus spp. We performed a comparative study of the behavior of seven individuals when their enclosure was non-enriched and enriched with bamboo, leaf-litter and bromeliads. Our results suggested that activities such as body care and affiliative interactions were less frequent when environmentally enriching objects were placed in their enclosure. They also spent more time in object manipulation, and monitoring behavior significantly reduced during these periods. Of the three materials used, we consider bamboo the most efficient enrichment material, since it remained in the enclosure longer and so attracted capuchin attention for a more extended period, and significantly modified their behavior.Resumo. Enriquecimento ambiental para macacos-prego (Sapajus spp.) usando materiais naturais. Ambientes de cativeiro podem ser estressantes aos animais uma vez que são relativamente menos complexos que ambientes naturais e contém menos estímulos. Uma das abordagens para reduzir o estresse de animais em cativeiro é a aplicação de técnicas de enriquecimento ambiental. Macacos-prego estão entre os primatas mais comumente encontrados em cativeiro. Portanto, é importante avaliar a efetividade de técnicas de enriquecimento ambiental para essas espécies. Neste estudo tivemos como objetivo estimar a eficiência de materiais naturais como enriquecimento ambiental para espécies do gênero Sapajus. Para tanto, comparamos o comportamento de sete indivíduos quando submetidos à adição de bambu, folhiço e bromélias em seus recintos. Diante dos enriquecimentos ambientais, os macacos-prego reduziram a frequência de atividades de cuidado corporal e interações afiliativas. Eles também aumentaram a frequência de manipulação de objetos e reduziram a frequência de monitoramento do ambiente durante os períodos com enriquecimento. Concluímos que o bambu foi a ferramenta mais eficaz de enriquecimento, pois permaneceu mais tempo intacto no recinto e com isso atraiu a atenção dos macacos-prego por mais tempo, modificando de forma significativa seu comportamento.

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Personality, environmental stressors, and diarrhea in Rhesus macaques: An interactionist perspective

Gottlieb

Rosso

Sheikhi

et al. 2018

American J Primatol

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Previous research has repeatedly shown both personality and psychological stress to predict gastrointestinal disorders and chronic diarrhea in humans. The goal of the present research was to evaluate the role of personality, as well as psychological stressors (i.e., housing relocations and rearing environment), in predicting chronic diarrhea in captive Rhesus macaques, with particular attention to how personality regulated the impact of such stressors. Subjects were 1,930 R. macaques at the California National Primate Research Center reared in a variety of environments. All subjects took part in an extensive personality evaluation at approximately 90-120 days of age. Data were analyzed using generalized linear models to determine how personality, rearing condition, housing relocations, and personality by environment interactions, predicted both diarrhea risk (an animal's risk for having diarrhea at least once) and chronic diarrhea (how many repeated bouts of diarrhea an animal had after their initial bout). Much like the human literature, we found that certain personality types (i.e., nervous, gentle, vigilant, and not confident) were more likely to have chronic diarrhea, and that certain stressful environments (i.e., repeated housing relocations) increased diarrhea risk. We further found multiple interactions between personality and environment, supporting the "interactionist" perspective on personality and health. We conclude that while certain stressful environments increase risk for chronic diarrhea, the relative impact of these stressors is highly dependent on an animal's personality.

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The Role of Stress in Abnormal Behavior and Other Abnormal Conditions Such as Hair Loss

Cited by 18 publications

References 1 publication

A Model Quantitative Assessment Tool for Nonhuman Primate Environmental Enrichment Plans

A Model Quantitative Assessment Tool for Nonhuman Primate Environmental Enrichment Plans

Environmental enrichment for captive capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.) using natural material

Personality, environmental stressors, and diarrhea in Rhesus macaques: An interactionist perspective

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