“…According to Neumeier, the goals of branding include differentiating product brands from competing brands, facilitating promotional activities, building an image, providing confidence or trust, providing quality assurance, giving prestige, and helping market control (Salehudin & Luthfi, 2010). Branding contributes to competitive advantage by creating associations in the minds of consumers between named products and various other attributes so that consumers not only buy physical products or services but also various other intangible symbolic benefits (Damiasih & Isdarmanto, 2019).…”