The role of intentions and outcomes in the foreign language effect on moral judgements

Costa, Albert; Corey, Joanna D.; Hayakawa, Sayuri; Aparici, Melina; Vives, Marc–Lluís; Keysar, Boaz

doi:10.1177/1747021817738409

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…In the current study, almost 80 participants were tested on each language, whereas the previous studies tested 30 participants on a similar number of stimuli. Note that other studies on moral decision making have often included more participants but those studies presented fewer moral dilemmas (e.g., Cipolletti et al, 2016; Costa et al, 2014; Costa et al, 2019; Geipel et al, 2015b). Future research should take into account more moral dilemmas to examine whether the current results generalize to a larger set of personal versus impersonal dilemmas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Koenigs, Young, Adolphs, Tranel, Cushman, Hauser, and Damasio (2007) demonstrated that the personal dilemmas ( M = 6.5, on a 7-point scale) were overall rated as more emotional than the impersonal dilemmas ( M = 3.6). Note that most of the previous work on the Foreign-Language effect included fewer dilemmas (e.g., Cipolletti et al, 2016; Costa et al, 2014; Costa, Corey, Hayakawa, Aparici, Vives & Keysar, 2019; Geipel et al, 2015b). In addition, two practice items and two fillers were presented.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The interplay between emotion and modality in the Foreign-Language effect on moral decision making

Brouwer

2020

Bilingualism

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This study examined whether the Foreign-Language effect, an increase in bilinguals’ rate of rational decisions to moral dilemmas in their foreign versus their native language, is influenced by emotion and the modality in which the dilemmas are presented. 154 Dutch–English bilinguals were asked to read and listen to personal and impersonal moral dilemmas in Dutch or in English. Importantly, the reading task had the character of a self-paced reading task to resemble the listening task as closely as possible. In both modalities, participants’ task was to indicate whether the proposed action was appropriate or not. Results showed that the Foreign-Language effect was present for personal dilemmas only. In addition, an effect of modality demonstrated that participants took overall more rational decisions during the listening than the reading task. These findings give insight in the interplay between language, emotion and task demands, revealing that moral decision making is context-dependent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interplay between emotion and modality in the Foreign-Language effect on moral decision making

Brouwer

2020

Bilingualism

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“…Until recently, a late acquired second language (L2) was considered emotionally and cognitively distant and, therefore, "disembodied" (Pavlenko, 2012). This lack of affective embodiment in emotion studies was shown to have consequences on pragmatic aspects (e.g., Costa, Foucart, Arnon, Aparici, & Apesteguia, 2014;Costa, Foucart, Hayakawa, et al, 2014, but see Costa et al, 2019). However, when it comes to lexico-semantic processing, the few studies with bilinguals showed that even a late acquired L2 is grounded in sensorimotor areas, but presenting a lower degree or a different pattern of embodiment compared to the mother tongue (L1), as highlighted in the most recent reviews (Kogan, Muñoz, Ibáñez, & García, 2020;Monaco, Jost, Gygax, & Annoni, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First and Second Language at Hand: A Chronometric Transcranial-Magnetic Stimulation Study on Semantic and Motor Resonance

Monaco

Jost

Lancheros

et al. 2021

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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According to embodied theories, motor and language processing bidirectionally interact: Motor activation modulates behavior in lexico-semantic tasks (semantic resonance), whereas understanding motor-related words entails activation of the corresponding motor brain areas (motor resonance). Whereas many studies investigated such interaction in the first language (L1), only few did so in a second language (L2), focusing on motor resonance. Here, we directly compared L1 and a late L2, for the first time both in terms of semantic and motor resonance and both in terms of magnitude and timing, by taking advantage of single-pulse TMS. Twenty-five bilinguals judged in each language, whether hand motor-related (“grasp”) and non-motor-related verbs (“believe”), were physical or mental. Meanwhile, we applied TMS on the hand motor cortex at 125, 275, 350, and 500 msec post verb onset, and recorded behavioral responses and TMS-induced motor evoked potentials. TMS induced faster responses for L1 versus L2 motor and nonmotor verbs at 125 msec (three-way interaction β = −0.0442, 95% CI [0.0814, −0.0070]), showing a semantic resonance effect at an early stage of word processing in L1 but not in L2. Concerning motor resonance, TMS-induced motor evoked potentials at 275 msec revealed higher motor cortex excitability for L2 versus L1 processing (two-way interaction β = 0.095, 95% CI [0.017, 0.173]). These findings confirm action–language interaction at early stages of word recognition, provide further evidence that L1 and L2 are differently embodied, and call for an update of existing models of bilingualism and embodiment, concerning both language representations and processing.

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“…Previous work suggests that foreign language use might have an effect on these contexts [ 7 , 15 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The limits of the foreign language effect on decision-making: The case of the outcome bias and the representativeness heuristic

2018

Self Cite

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Language context (native vs. foreign) affects people’s choices and preferences in a wide variety of situations. However, emotional reactions are a key component driving people’s choices in those situations. In six studies, we test whether foreign language context modifies biases and the use of heuristics not directly caused by emotional reactions. We fail to find evidence that foreign language context modifies the extent to which people suffer from outcome bias (Experiment 1a & 1b) and the use of the representativeness heuristic (Experiment 2a & 2b). Furthermore, foreign language context does not modulate decision-making in those scenarios even when emotion is brought into the context (Experiment 1c & 2c). Foreign language context shapes decision-making, but the scope of its effects might be limited to decision-making tendencies in which emotion plays a causal role.

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The role of intentions and outcomes in the foreign language effect on moral judgements

Cited by 26 publications

References 26 publications

The interplay between emotion and modality in the Foreign-Language effect on moral decision making

The interplay between emotion and modality in the Foreign-Language effect on moral decision making

First and Second Language at Hand: A Chronometric Transcranial-Magnetic Stimulation Study on Semantic and Motor Resonance

The limits of the foreign language effect on decision-making: The case of the outcome bias and the representativeness heuristic

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