The role of implicit and explicit components of exerciser self-schema in the prediction of exercise behaviour

The effects of an imagery intervention on implicit and explicit exercise attitudes

“…Eves, Scott, Hoppé, and French (2007) and Calitri, Lowe, Eves, and Bennett (2009) found that higher levels of physical activity were associated with positive implicit attitudes to exercise. Banting, Dimmock, and Lay (2009) found that implicit and explicit exercise schema explained similar amounts of variance in exercise behaviour. Conroy, Hyde, Doerksen, and Ribeiro (2010) found that implicit attitudes to physical activity prospectively predicted physical activity behaviours, objectively assessed by pedometer, after controlling for explicit motivational variables.…”

“…However, there are theoretical reasons to expect that implicit cognitive processes are involved in physical activity (Dimmock & Banting, 2009) and the limited available empirical evidence does suggest that implicit cognitions are related to exercise behaviour. Eves, Scott, Hoppé, and French (2007) and Calitri, Lowe, Eves, and Bennett (2009) found that higher levels of physical activity were associated with positive implicit attitudes to exercise.…”

“…Previous authors (e.g., Courneya, Conner, & Rhodes, 2006) have noted that scores on measures of attitudes to socially-desirable health behaviours, including exercise, are often very high and exhibit low variability, and can therefore suffer from ceiling effects. Furthermore, according to the APE model, explicit evaluative judgments can be influenced by propositions referring to general beliefs about the world (Gawronski & Bodenhaus, 2006) and exercise is generally regarded as a positive behaviour (Banting et al, 2009). Thus, participants may have been responding with regard to general beliefs about exercise (i.e., 'it is a good thing').…”

Coaches’ implicit associations between size and giftedness: implications for the relative age effect

“…First, the algorithm eliminated all trials with response times above 10,000 ms and participants with 10% of trials under 300 ms were excluded (which was not the case in the present study). Second, the algorithm was modified so that the difference between the incongruent and congruent block was divided by the inclusive standard deviation (Banting et al, 2009). The resulting number from this equation represented an individual's implicit association between size and giftedness.…”

Going to the Gym or to the Movies?: Situated Decisions as a Functional Link Connecting Automatic and Reflective Evaluations of Exercise With Exercising Behavior

“…Whereas some manage to exercise most regularly, maybe several times per week, others do not exercise at all. From the psychological perspective, recent evidence has illustrated that aside from reasoned reflections, impulsive processes also contribute to this variation (Banting, Dimmock, & Lay, 2009;Bluemke, Brand, Schweizer, & Kahlert, 2010;Calitri, Lowe, Eves, & Bennett, 2009;Eves, Scott, Hoppe, & French, 2007;Hyde, Elavsky, Doerksen, & Conroy, 2012). This means that whether people engage in exercise (or physical activity, more generally) does not only depend on one's reflective deliberations, but also on automatic cognitive processes and evaluations.…”