The Role of Immunostimulants in Immunotherapy and Immunoprophylaxis

Петрунов, Богдан; Nenkov, P.; Shekerdjiisky, R.

doi:10.1080/13102818.2007.10817494

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…; Petrunov et al . ). Administration of immunostimulants alone or in combination with vaccination has emerged as a promising approach to prevent or control fish diseases (Sahoo ).…”

Section: The Rationale Of Immunostimulants Use In Fish Aquaculturementioning

confidence: 97%

Influences of immunostimulants on phagocytes in cultured fish: a mini review

Abarike

Kuebutornye

Jian

et al. 2018

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Lower vertebrates like fish mostly depend on innate immunity as the first line of defence against invading pathogens. One of the defence mechanisms in innate immunity for fish is the use of phagocytic cells such as monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells and dendritic cells in fighting pathogens. These cellular cells employ a variety of mechanisms in protecting fish including but not limited to; the use of pattern recognition receptors and antigen presenting cells to detect the presence of pathogens in host, neutralising them using measures including; inflammation, production of lysosomal enzymes released into the phagosome to neutralising pathogens and prevention of systemic autoimmunity by apoptosis. Some phagocytic cells play the extra role of serving as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity in fish. Recent accumulating data showed that phagocyte cell activity in fish could be enhanced by a natural or chemical substance (immunostimulants) that stimulates the immune system in fish principally meant to enhance the immune response mechanisms. In this review, the main focus is on elucidating the distinct phagocytic mechanisms played by monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells and dendritic cells as principal phagocytes in immune defence and how their activities are influenced by immunostimulants in cultured fish.

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“…; Petrunov et al . ). Administration of immunostimulants alone or in combination with vaccination has emerged as a promising approach to prevent or control fish diseases (Sahoo ).…”

Section: The Rationale Of Immunostimulants Use In Fish Aquaculturementioning

confidence: 97%

Influences of immunostimulants on phagocytes in cultured fish: a mini review

Abarike

Kuebutornye

Jian

et al. 2018

Reviews in Aquaculture

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“…One such promising alternative technique to strengthen fish immune systems is the application of immunostimulants in aquaculture (Jadhav, Khan, Girkar & Gitte ). Immunostimulants are dietary additives derived from natural sources or synthetically made with different chemical characteristics (Petrunov, Nenkov & Shekerdjiisky ). Immunostimulants activate different components and mechanisms of the immune system of humans and animals that reinforce the body's natural resistance in order to successfully and amiably cope with various viral and bacterial infections (Barman, Nen, Mandal & Kumar ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary administration of natural immunostimulants on growth performance, haematological, biochemical parameters and disease resistance of Asian Sea bassLates calcarifer(Bloch, 1790)

Devakumar

Chinnasamy

2015

Aquac Res

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This study was aimed to address the promising evaluation of Cissus quadrangularis plant (stem) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS from bacteria) supplemented diets on innate immune response in Lates calcarifer fingerlings against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Fingerlings were fed supplemented diets containing four different concentrations of C. quadrangularis (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g kg À1 feed), LPS (25, 50, 75 and 100 mg kg À1 feed) and control (normal formulated diet) for 60 days. The fish fingerlings fed supplemented diet displayed significant differences (P < 0.05) in specific growth rate (SGR) and relative percentage survival compared to the control group fed without C. quadrangularis and LPS-supplemented diet. Fingerlings were injected intraperitoneally with 100 lL lethal dose of A. hydrophila containing 1 9 10 6 CFU g À1 . Supplementation of C. quadrangularis and LPS diet significantly increased biochemical profile such as protein, lipid and carbohydrate content, haematological parameters of L. calcarifer fingerlings in different experimental periods when compared with the control group. Dietary doses of C. quadrangularis and LPS-supplemented diet significantly influenced growth performance and increased survival rate in L. calcarifer fingerlings against A. hydrophila infection.

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“…3 Specifically, immunomodulator has three main functions, that are, as an immunos timulator to improve the functioning and the activity of the immune system, as an immunoregulator to regulate the immune system, and as an immunosupresor to impede or impair the activity of the immune system. 4,5,6 Several natural materials, recognized as biological response modifiers (BRM), could stimulate the immune system as having important chemi cal compounds such as fatty acid, polysaccharides, terpenoid, alkaloid and flavonoid. 4,5,6 These compounds help to regulate and improve the immune functions on infections, respiratory, and to help the healing process of chemotherapy and antiinflammation in allergies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5,6 Several natural materials, recognized as biological response modifiers (BRM), could stimulate the immune system as having important chemi cal compounds such as fatty acid, polysaccharides, terpenoid, alkaloid and flavonoid. 4,5,6 These compounds help to regulate and improve the immune functions on infections, respiratory, and to help the healing process of chemotherapy and antiinflammation in allergies. High biodiversities in Indonesian waters is very potential for the invention of new active materials, seeing that sea organisms have unique chemical compounds and bioactivities that are valuable for the field of pharma cological and health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophage Immunomodulatory Activity of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Isolated from the Crown-of-thorns Star Fish (acanthaster planci)

Achmad¹,

Isnansetyo²,

Kasanah³

et al. 2018

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Introduction:Immunomodulator are chemical compounds that can improve the body's defense mechanisms both specific and non-specific, and non-specific induction of both cellular and humoral defense mechanisms. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to investigate immunomodulator activity and to identify the chemical constituents of active fractions from star fish Acanthaster planci, based on bioassay guided isolation. Materials and Methods: A. planci was collected from Ternate Island, North Moluccas, extracted with distilled methanol, partitioned with gradient chloroform-hexane-water and fractionated in column chromatography using silica gel and gradient hexane-ethyl acetate. Profiling chemical constituent was done by thin layer chromatograpahy and GC-MS. The immunomodulator activity was measured based on percentage of phagocytic capacity (PC) and phagocytic index (PI). Results: The result showed that 3 partition fractions exhibited immunomodulator activity. Data analysis exhibited that the best fraction was hexane fraction, and the best dosesmost effective doses of PC and PI were at 0.5 mg/kg body weight (BW) and 0.7 mg/kg BW, respectively. Data analysis of the 3 hexane fractions exhibited that the best fraction was fraction 3 and the best doses of PC was at 0.5 mg/kg BW and that of PI was at 0.7 mg/kg BW. Metabolites analysis using GC-MS yielded a number of chemical constituents of fraction 2 dan fraction 3 that dominated by unsaturated fatty acid. The study concluded that star fish A. planci from Ternate Island has a potential source of immunomodulator.

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The Role of Immunostimulants in Immunotherapy and Immunoprophylaxis

Cited by 27 publications

References 5 publications

Influences of immunostimulants on phagocytes in cultured fish: a mini review

Influences of immunostimulants on phagocytes in cultured fish: a mini review

Dietary administration of natural immunostimulants on growth performance, haematological, biochemical parameters and disease resistance of Asian Sea bassLates calcarifer(Bloch, 1790)

Macrophage Immunomodulatory Activity of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Isolated from the Crown-of-thorns Star Fish (acanthaster planci)

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