Macrophage Immunomodulatory Activity of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Isolated from the Crown-of-thorns Star Fish (acanthaster planci)

Abstract

Introduction:Immunomodulator are chemical compounds that can improve the body's defense mechanisms both specific and non-specific, and non-specific induction of both cellular and humoral defense mechanisms. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to investigate immunomodulator activity and to identify the chemical constituents of active fractions from star fish Acanthaster planci, based on bioassay guided isolation. Materials and Methods: A. planci was collected from Ternate Island, North Moluccas, extracted with distilled methanol, partitioned with gradient chloroform-hexane-water and fractionated in column chromatography using silica gel and gradient hexane-ethyl acetate. Profiling chemical constituent was done by thin layer chromatograpahy and GC-MS. The immunomodulator activity was measured based on percentage of phagocytic capacity (PC) and phagocytic index (PI). Results: The result showed that 3 partition fractions exhibited immunomodulator activity. Data analysis exhibited that the best fraction was hexane fraction, and the best dosesmost effective doses of PC and PI were at 0.5 mg/kg body weight (BW) and 0.7 mg/kg BW, respectively. Data analysis of the 3 hexane fractions exhibited that the best fraction was fraction 3 and the best doses of PC was at 0.5 mg/kg BW and that of PI was at 0.7 mg/kg BW. Metabolites analysis using GC-MS yielded a number of chemical constituents of fraction 2 dan fraction 3 that dominated by unsaturated fatty acid. The study concluded that star fish A. planci from Ternate Island has a potential source of immunomodulator.

Chloroform Fraction from Methanol Extract of Starfish Acanthaster planci Stimulates Catfish (Clarias sp.) Macrophage Immunomodulatory Activity

“…Extraction and partition were carried out following the method used by M. Achmad et al (2020); M. J. Achmad et al (2018); M. J. Achmad et al (2014).…”

“…Since the water and hexane fractions were done in our previous study, in this present study we continue with the chloroform fraction (M. J. Achmad et al, 2018).The chloroform fraction was then fractionated using eluent Chloroform: Methanol. This fractionation was then chemically profiled on a 5 cm column using Choloform: Methanol = 8:2 (10 ml) as eluent.…”

“…PA indicates an increase in cellular response, which eventually leads to an increase in humoral response (M. J. Achmad et al, 2018; M. J. Achmad et al, 2014;Jensch-Junior et al, 2006;Yudiati et al, 2019).…”

“…In terms of macrophage immunomodulatory activity, our previous study demonstrated the effectiveness of Acanthaster planci in the chloroform fraction of methanol extract (M. J. Achmad et al, 2018). In fact, in nature, A. planci is a dangerous coral destroyer.…”

Immunnostimulatory activity of Holothuria atra sea cucumber

“…This is exacerbated by the decrease of immunological responses due to therapies such as antibiotics, antivirals, and anticancer drugs. Therefore, the development of effective new immunostimulants is important (Aminin et al 2006;Achmad et al 2018). Immunomodulators are popularly used as complementary therapies and alternative medicines.…”