The role of hard coatings in carbide milling tools

Wolfe, G. J.; Petrosky, C. J.; Quinto, Dennis T.

doi:10.1116/1.573673

Cited by 38 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Titanium nitride (TiN) hard coating deposited by sputtering has brought about one of the most significant technological advances in the development of modern tools. In the early years of PVD hard coating, TiN was essentially the only coating developed until 1980 [32]. Although many other PVD hard coatings were later developed, TiN coating remains one of the most important since it is a simple coating system, is easily to produce, and can be reused.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Wear Modes of PVD Films Using Different Concentrations of Al2O3 Abrasive Particles and Textured Rotating Balls

et al. 2023

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Abrasive wear is a wear mechanism that results in a loss of material from the interaction of a surface with hard particles. This type of wear is frequently found in the surface of machining tools. Microscale abrasion equipment is often used to characterize the resistance to abrasive wear of a surface. The different parameters able to control micro-abrasion wear tests, such as ball rotation, sliding distance between ball and surface sample, abrasive slurry concentration, normal load acting on the sample, and abrasive flow rate over the sample, have been widely studied. The combination of different variables, including sliding distance, concentration of abrasive particles, their hardness, and size of abrasive particles, promotes the transition between two-body, three-body, or mixed abrasive wear modes. However, the influence of the ball surface on the dragging of abrasive particles, which is reflected in the wear modes, is still poorly studied. One of the variables possible to control and less studied is the influence of the ball surface texture on the dragging of abrasive particles in micro-abrasion wear tests. This work intends to correlate the effect of different testing times (500, 1000, and 1500 cycles) and different concentrations of 3 μm Al2O3 abrasive slurry (25, 35, and 45 g/100 mL) on the micro abrasion resistance of a TiN thin coating film, using balls of AISI 52100 steel whose texture and roughness were prepared by 60 s chemical etching. The rotation speed of each test was 80 rpm, applying a normal load of 2 N. Subsequently, the craters were carefully analyzed using SEM to evaluate the transition of the wear mode as a function of the applied load, the abrasive particle concentration, and the sliding distance. The textured ball tracks were observed via SEM to assess the particle dynamics. The results showed that, contrarily to what is reported in the literature regarding wear modes where rolling is promoted with increasing abrasive concentration, in this work grooving took place instead. This is a result of the rough balls use in the experiments which, due to the embedment of abrasive particles in the ball grooves, promotes the abrasion mechanism. The higher the abrasive concentration, the higher the grooving mechanism, since more particles are available to scratch the surface.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Wear Modes of PVD Films Using Different Concentrations of Al2O3 Abrasive Particles and Textured Rotating Balls

et al. 2023

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“…The first PVD coating is developed in 1980 (Titanium based coatings) for HSS drill and carbide inserts [57]. Moreover, multilayer coatings also prepared such as Titanium, Aluminum and Chromium.…”

Section: Physical Vapour Deposition Techniques and Its Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Recent Progress in PVD-TiN Coatings

Gopi,

Saravanan,

Devaraju

et al. 2023

DFMA

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Hard nitride coatings has an important role for enhancing the wear resistance of metallic materials, thus increasing the life time of the products in industries. In this paper reviews the different methods of coating techniques, methods of PVD, mechanical properties of TiN coatings and wear resistance of titanium nitride-based coatings by physical vapor deposition (PVD) techniques. Thus the various approaches for enhancing the corrosion and wear resistance are categorized and summarized. The advantages, disadvantages and applications of Nitride based coatings are discussed.

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“…1-3 It is formed by using PVD at a lowest temperature of 280°C or by using CVD, but at much higher temperatures such as 1000°C. [3][4][5] It can be deposited also by using reactive MS. 6 Crystalline Al 2 O 3 , frequently deposited, has different forms, namely j-, d-, h-and c-phase. 3,7,8 These phases are metastable, being formed using CVD as well as PVD coating techniques.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the high temperature needed for the deposition will cause changes of substrate material properties and coarser grain sizes. 4 Accordingly, a great emphasis over the last ten years has been directed toward developing PVD, in which crystalline films can be deposited at T s lower than 500°C. [1][2][3]6,9,[11][12][13][14] In a recent work, 9 it has been reported that by PVD-pulsed MS, c-Al 2 O 3 was deposited at T s even as low as 290°C.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nanocrystalline γ-Al2O3 thin film deposited by magnetron sputtering (MS) at low temperature

2009

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This article presents some experimental data indicating the possibility of depositing nanocrystalline c-Al 2 O 3 thin films on 304L stainless steel, at low temperatures, using magnetron sputtering (MS) in a reactive atmosphere (O 2 ). The experimental conditions are defined, while the coat layer is characterized and first results on its wear behavior are presented.Alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) is one of the most important coating materials used in a wide range of applications due to its excellent mechanical and other physical properties as well as improving the tribological behavior of steel although it is very thin. It can be deposited using chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), pulsed laser deposition (PLD) as well as MS, which produces thin film coating with smooth and dense layer. Different Al 2 O 3 phases can be formed depending on the coating technique and the substrate temperature being the key parameter. The most common and most thermodynamically stable alumina is the polymorphous a-phase. 1-3 It is formed by using PVD at a lowest temperature of 280°C or by using CVD, but at much higher temperatures such as 1000°C. 3-5 It can be deposited also by using reactive MS. 6 Crystalline Al 2 O 3 , frequently deposited, has different forms, namely j-, d-, h-and c-phase. 3,7,8 These phases are metastable, being formed using CVD as well as PVD coating techniques. 6,9 To deposit crystalline alumina phases, substrate temperatures higher than 500°C are generally required. 6,9 The advantage of the polymorphous a-phase as a coating layer is due to its low formation temperature. 5 However, the layer deposited exhibits a rather low hardness of 5-10 GPa, while crystalline phases have higher hardness from 10 to 22 GPa. 10 Therefore, crystalline Al 2 O 3 is considered interesting. However, the high temperature needed for the deposition will cause changes of substrate material properties and coarser grain sizes. 4 Accordingly, a great emphasis over the last ten years has been directed toward developing PVD, in which crystalline films can be deposited at T s lower than 500°C. [1][2][3]6,9,[11][12][13][14] In a recent work, 9 it has been reported that by PVD-pulsed MS, c-Al 2 O 3 was deposited at T s even as low as 290°C. Hence, deposition at a rather low substrate temperature (T s ) is a preferred goal of process development.In the present work, Al 2 O 3 coating was deposited onto polished square pieces (1 9 1 9 1 mm 3 ) of 304L stainless steel substrates using MS. Before deposition, etching by argon plasma was performed in order to clean the metal surface. During the deposition, the stainless steel substrate was heated up to 150°C. Deposition parameters were controlled (Table 1) so that three specimens were realized with 300 nm Al 2 O 3 thickness. The S3 sample conditions were adopted for deposition as reported in Table 2. MS samples (PVD3, PVD4 and PVD5) were prepared at low substrate temperature (150°C) by reactive (O 2 ) direct current sputtering on a planar magnetron.The crystal structure of the films was...

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The role of hard coatings in carbide milling tools

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

Study on the Wear Modes of PVD Films Using Different Concentrations of Al2O3 Abrasive Particles and Textured Rotating Balls

Study on the Wear Modes of PVD Films Using Different Concentrations of Al2O3 Abrasive Particles and Textured Rotating Balls

A Review on Recent Progress in PVD-TiN Coatings

Nanocrystalline γ-Al2O3 thin film deposited by magnetron sputtering (MS) at low temperature

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