The Role of Gut Microbiota and Gut–Brain Interplay in Selected Diseases of the Central Nervous System

Doroszkiewicz, Julia; Groblewska, Magdalena; Mroczko, Barbara

doi:10.3390/ijms221810028

Cited by 62 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 155 publications

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“…RF predictive models also underlined the importance of the phylum Bacteroidota in migraine patients with IBS. Some studies showed similar results to ours, and decreased Firmicutes and increased Bacteroidetes in the gut microbiota were found in some central nervous system diseases, including patients with Alzheimer's disease (32), Parkinson's disease (33), multiple sclerosis (34), major depressive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder (35). However, some differences were observed between our study and previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Alteration of gut microbiota in migraine patients with irritable bowel syndrome in a Chinese Han population

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveMigraine is frequently reported in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a role in migraine and IBS. However, alterations in the gut microbiome in migraine patients with IBS remain unknown. This study aimed to explore the compositions of gut microbiota in migraine patients with IBS in a Chinese Han population.MethodsSixteen migraine patients with IBS and thirteen age- and gender-matched IBS patients with similar dietary and lifestyle habits were enrolled in this pilot study. Demographic data, clinical data, eating habits, lifestyle habits, comorbidities, and medications were recorded using a unified case registration form. Questionnaires for the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) were completed. Fecal samples were collected, and microbial DNA was extracted. Gut microbiota 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing targeting the V4 region was performed using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 high-throughput sequencing platform. The relationships between gut microbiota and clinical characteristics of migraine were analyzed.ResultsThe structure of gut microbiota differed between migraine patients with IBS and patients with IBS, while the richness and diversity of gut microbiota in migraine patients with IBS showed no significant difference from that of patients with IBS. We found a higher relative abundance of the genus Parabacteroides and a lower relative abundance of the genera Paraprevotella, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-010, Lactococcus, Collinsella, and Comamonas in migraine patients with IBS than in patients with IBS. According to random forest predictive models, the phylum Bacteroidota shows the most important role in migraine patients with IBS. Furthermore, no statistical correlation was found between significantly different taxa at the genus level and migraine clinical data.ConclusionThis study identified that altered gut microbiota occurred in Chinese Han migraine patients with IBS, but no correlation was found between gut microbiota and the clinical characteristics of migraine. Further study is needed to better understand the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of migraine in IBS.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Alteration of gut microbiota in migraine patients with irritable bowel syndrome in a Chinese Han population

et al. 2022

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“…Consequently, many human disorders—including AD—are influenced by the dysregulation of miRNAs [ 169 , 170 ]. According to several studies, pathological circumstances alter the miRNA profile [ 171 , 172 ]. The dysregulation of miRNA expression in AD patients is supported by an increasing body of research.…”

Section: New Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Possibilities in the Therapeutic Approach to Alzheimer’s Disease

Doroszkiewicz

Mroczko

2022

IJMS

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Despite the fact that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, after many years of research regarding this disease, there is no casual treatment. Regardless of the serious public health threat it poses, only five medical treatments for Alzheimer’s disease have been authorized, and they only control symptoms rather than changing the course of the disease. Numerous clinical trials of single-agent therapy did not slow the development of disease or improve symptoms when compared to placebo. Evidence indicates that the pathological alterations linked to AD start many years earlier than a manifestation of the disease. In this pre-clinical period before the neurodegenerative process is established, pharmaceutical therapy might prove invaluable. Although recent findings from the testing of drugs such as aducanumab are encouraging, they should nevertheless be interpreted cautiously. Such medications may be able to delay the onset of dementia, significantly lowering the prevalence of the disease, but are still a long way from having a clinically effective disease-modifying therapy.

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“…Through interaction with enteroendocrine cells, SCFAs promote indirect signaling to the brain via the systemic circulation or vagal pathways by inducing the secretion of gut hormones such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) and peptide YY (PYY), as well as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and serotonin (5-HT). Finally, SCFAs also influence neuroinflammation by affecting glial cell morphology, continuously modulating microglia maturation, and also functioning to modulate the levels of neurotrophic factors, increasing neurogenesis, and improving neuronal homeostasis and function—known as gut microbiota-brain axis [ 187 , 199 ].…”

Section: Microbiota Mitochondria Intertwined Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota mitochondria disorders as hubs for early age-related macular degeneration

Fehér¹,

Élő

István

et al. 2022

GeroScience

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting the central area (macula lutea) of the retina. Research on the pathogenic mechanism of AMD showed complex cellular contribution governed by such risk factors as aging, genetic predisposition, diet, and lifestyle. Recent studies suggested that microbiota is a transducer and a modifier of risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases, and mitochondria may be one of the intracellular targets of microbial signaling molecules. This review explores studies supporting a new concept on the contribution of microbiota—mitochondria disorders to AMD. We discuss metabolic, vascular, immune, and neuronal mechanism in AMD as well as key alterations of photoreceptor cells, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), Bruch’s membrane, choriocapillaris endothelial, immune, and neuronal cells. Special attention was paid to alterations of mitochondria contact sites (MCSs), an organelle network of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets (LDs), and peroxisomes being documented based on our own electron microscopic findings from surgically removed human eyes. Morphometry of Bruch’s membrane lipids and proteoglycans has also been performed in early AMD and aged controls. Microbial metabolites (short-chain fatty acids, polyphenols, and secondary bile acids) and microbial compounds (lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, and bacterial DNA)—now called postbiotics—in addition to local effects on resident microbiota and mucous membrane, regulate systemic metabolic, vascular, immune, and neuronal mechanisms in normal conditions and in various common diseases. We also discuss their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic effects as well as experimental and clinical observations on regulating the main processes of photoreceptor renewal, mitophagy, and autophagy in early AMD. These findings support an emerging concept that microbiota-mitochondria disorders may be a crucial pathogenic mechanism of early AMD; and similarly, to other age-related neurodegenerative diseases, new treatment approaches should be targeted at these disorders.

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The Role of Gut Microbiota and Gut–Brain Interplay in Selected Diseases of the Central Nervous System

Cited by 62 publications

References 155 publications

Alteration of gut microbiota in migraine patients with irritable bowel syndrome in a Chinese Han population

Alteration of gut microbiota in migraine patients with irritable bowel syndrome in a Chinese Han population

New Possibilities in the Therapeutic Approach to Alzheimer’s Disease

Microbiota mitochondria disorders as hubs for early age-related macular degeneration

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