The role of dietary polyphenols in osteosarcoma: A possible clue about the molecular mechanisms involved in a process that is just in its infancy

Abstract

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant bone tumor mainly affecting children, teenagers and young adults, being associated with early metastasis and poor prognosis.The beneficial effects of polyphenols have been investigated in different areas, including their potential to fight OS. Polyphenols are believed to reduce morbidity and/ or slow down the development of cancer. This review aimed to assess the effect of polyphenols in OS and investigate their molecular mechanisms. It was observed that the broad spectrum of health-promoting properties of plant polyphenols in OS occurs mainly due to modulation of reactive oxygen species, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-angiogenesis, apoptosis inducer, inhibition of invasion and metastasis. However, it is worth mentioning that although the promising effects of polyphenols in the fight against OS, most of the studies have been performed using in vitro and in vivo animal models. Therefore, studies in humans are needed to validate the effectiveness of polyphenols in OS treatment. Practical applicationsPolyphenols are widely used for various diseases, however, until now, their real role in the treatment of osteosarcoma remains unknown. This review provides a broad spectrum of research conducted with polyphenols and their potential as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of osteosarcoma. However, prior to their clinical application for osteosarcoma treatment, there is a need to isolate and identify specific polyphenolic compounds with high antitumor activity, increase their oral bioavailability, and to investigate their interactions with chemotherapeutic drugs being used in clinical practice.

Current Status and Prospects of Clinical Treatment of Osteosarcoma

“…Besides, the use of natural compounds in the treatment of cancers has received much attention in occurring years. 21…”

“…Surgery supplemented with chemotherapy is not simply a matter of “preoperative chemotherapy + surgery + postoperative chemotherapy.” The new approach, based on the pathological grade of postoperative histopathology, is to adjust the postoperative chemotherapy regimen according to the tumor necrosis rate after preoperative chemotherapy. 21 Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has become the standard protocol for osteosarcoma, and treating early micrometastases and primary lesions improves the postoperative success rate of limb salvage surgery.…”

“…Besides, the use of natural compounds in the treatment of cancers has received much attention in occurring years. 21 The emergence of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in recent years has improved survival and reduced recurrence and metastasis; in addition, it has increased limb salvage rate. Surgery supplemented with chemotherapy is not simply a matter of "preoperative chemotherapy + surgery + postoperative chemotherapy."…”

Shilajit potentiates the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs and mitigates metastasis induced liver and kidney damages in osteosarcoma rats

“…However, the outcome of chemotherapy in most cases is unsatisfactory with lower than expected recovery, relapse of tumor and the well-known side effects of chemotherapy. Chemotherapy-linked shortcomings led to renewed interest in research finding dietary intervention with minimal or no side effects and high potency in the treatment of OS ( Leite et al, 2021 , Rabelo et al, 2022 ).…”

Advancement of Protein- and Polysaccharide-Based Biopolymers for Anthocyanin Encapsulation

“…Recently, numerous studies have updated the current understanding of the health-promoting effects of dietary polyphenols and related food products (1)(2)(3). As an important and well-considered type of polyphenol, non-toxic water-soluble anthocyanins contribute to food color and present a wide range of biological activities, including antibacterial, antiinflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and anticancer effects (4)(5)(6).…”