The role of cytokines in the evolution of cancer: IFN-γ paradigm

Todorović‐Raković, Nataša

doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155442

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Cancer immunoediting (i.e. modulations of tumor immunogenicity) has three phases: elimination (immunosurveillance during which the innate and adaptive mechanisms cooperate to recognize and destroy any transformed cells), equilibrium (due to acquired capabilities some transformed cells survive the elimination phase but are prevented from outgrowth due to immunological checks and lay dormant under the influence of adaptive immunity), and escape (a final outgrowth of tumor cells that have surpassed immunological restraints of the equilibrium phase with consequent development of a clinically evident tumor) [25] , [26] . Hypothetically, if we put this phenomenon in the context of viral infections, a striking resemblance is imposed: “malignant cell dormancy” can be equated to “virus latency” while cancer immunoediting as modulation of tumor immunogenicity can be equated to modulation of virus immunogenicity.…”

Section: Ifnγ In Viral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Between immunomodulation and immunotolerance: The role of IFNγ in SARS-CoV-2 disease

Todorović‐Raković

Whitfield

2021

Cytokine

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Interferons have prominent roles in various pathophysiological conditions, mostly related to inflammation. Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) was, initially discovered as a potent antiviral agent, over 50 years ago, and has recently garnered renewed interest as a promising factor involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. When new disease epidemics appear such as SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus), MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus), IAV (Influenza A virus), and in particular the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, it is especially timely to review the complexity of immune system responses to viral infections. Here we consider the controversial roles of effectors like IFNγ, discussing its actions in immunomodulation and immunotolerance. We explore the possibility that modulation of IFNγ could be used to influence the course of such infections. Importantly, not only could endogenous expression of IFNγ influence the outcome, there are existing IFNγ therapeutics that can readily be applied in the clinic. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlled by IFNγ suggests that the exact timing for application of IFNγ-based therapeutics could be crucial: it should be earlier to significantly reduce the viral load and thus decrease the overall severity of the disease.

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Section: Ifnγ In Viral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Between immunomodulation and immunotolerance: The role of IFNγ in SARS-CoV-2 disease

Todorović‐Raković

Whitfield

2021

Cytokine

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“…IL-2 and IL-4 are secreted by immune cells, and enhance T cell and NK cell activities [ 45 , 46 ]. TNF-α and IFN-γ exhibit direct cytotoxicity, and can also activate lymphocytes, macrophages, and NK cells to enhance immune capacity [ 47 , 48 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, Antioxidant and Immunoregulatory Activities of a Macromolecular Glycoprotein from Salvia miltiorrhiza

Dai

Liu

et al. 2022

Foods

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Salvia miltiorrhiza has exhibited various bioactive functions due to the existence of polysaccharides, hydrophilic phenolic acids, diterpenoid quinones, and essential oils. However, little research has reported the glycoprotein preparation and corresponding bioactivities. In this study, the water-soluble glycoprotein from S. miltiorrhiza roots was firstly isolated with the extraction process optimized by response surface methodology, and then, the preliminary structural properties, and the antioxidant and immunoregulatory activities were investigated. Results showed that the extraction conditions for higher extraction yields were identified as follows: ultrasonic power of 220 W, ultrasonic time of 2.0 h, extraction temperature of 60 °C, liquid/solid ratio of 20 mL/g, and the glycoprotein yields of 1.63 ± 0.04%. Structural analysis showed that the glycoprotein comprised protein and polysaccharide (contents of 76.96% and 20.62%, respectively), with an average molecular weight of 1.55 × 105 Da. Besides, bioactivities analysis showed that the glycoprotein presented strong scavenging effects on multiple free radicals, and effectively enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities and immunological indicators in cyclophosphamide-induced immunocompromised mice dose-dependently. These data demonstrated that S. miltiorrhiza glycoprotein presented the potential to be a novel edible functional compound, and could be practically applied in the food industry.

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“…Many of these are effective not only in inflammation but also in cancer progression. Therefore, it is important to measure these factors [ 50 , 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Profiles, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Traditional Medicinal Plants: Centaurea pichleri subsp. pichleri, Conyza canadensis, and Jasminum fruticans

et al. 2022

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Centaurea pichleri subsp. pichleri, Conyza canadensis, and Jasminum fruticans are traditionally used plants grown in Turkey. Methanol extracts were obtained from these plants and pharmacological activity studies and phytochemical analyses were carried out. To evaluate the phytochemical composition, spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques were used. The extracts were evaluated for antioxidant activity by DPPH●, ABTS●+ radical scavenging, and FRAP assays. The cytotoxic effects of the extracts were investigated on DU145 prostate cancer and A549 lung cancer cell lines. The anti-inflammatory effects of extracts were investigated on the NO amount, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and PGE 2 levels in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. The richest extract in terms of phenolic compounds (98.19 ± 1.64 mgGAE/gextract) and total flavonoids (21.85 ± 0.64 mgCA/gextract) was identified as C. pichleri subsp. pichleri methanol extract. According to antioxidant activity determinations, the C. pichleri subsp. pichleri extract was found to be the most active extract. Finally, the C. pichleri subsp. pichleri methanol extract was revealed to be the most effective inhibitor of viability in the cytotoxic activity investigation, and the extract with the best anti-inflammatory action. The findings point to C. pichleri subsp. pichleri as a promising source of bioactive compounds in the transition from natural sources to industrial uses, such as new medications, cosmeceuticals, and nutraceuticals.

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The role of cytokines in the evolution of cancer: IFN-γ paradigm

Cited by 30 publications

References 70 publications

Between immunomodulation and immunotolerance: The role of IFNγ in SARS-CoV-2 disease

Between immunomodulation and immunotolerance: The role of IFNγ in SARS-CoV-2 disease

Preparation, Antioxidant and Immunoregulatory Activities of a Macromolecular Glycoprotein from Salvia miltiorrhiza

Phytochemical Profiles, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Traditional Medicinal Plants: Centaurea pichleri subsp. pichleri, Conyza canadensis, and Jasminum fruticans

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