In this study, for the first time, a novel organic–inorganic nanobio-antimicrobial agent called “nanoflowers” (Nfs) from Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze extracts and its main components were produced and the increase in the antimicrobial activity of Nfs was elucidated.

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Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcriptional signaling pathway that plays a crucial role in numerous clinical complications. Pivotal roles of Nrf2 have been proved in cancer, autoimmune diseases, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, renal injuries, respiratory conditions, gastrointestinal disturbances, and general disorders related to oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, gelatinolysis, autophagy, and fibrogenesis processes. Green tea catechins as a rich source of phenolic compounds can deal with various clinical problems and manifestations. In this review, we attempted to focus on intervention between green tea catechins and Nrf2. Green tea catechins especially epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) elucidated the protective role of Nrf2 and its downstream molecules in various disorders through Keap-1, HO-1, NQO-1, GPx, GCLc, GCLm, NF-kB cross-link, kinases, and apoptotic proteins. Subsequently, we compiled an updated expansions of the Nrf2 role as a gate to manage and protect different disorders and feasible indications of green tea catechins through this signaling pathway. The present review highlighted recent evidence-based data in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies on an outline for future clinical trials.cancer, catechins, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), green tea, nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, oxidative stress, therapeutic effects | INTRODUCTIONEvidence-based researches have indicated that existing phytochemicals in various natural agents serve as protectants or therapeutics with the possession of benefits such as high therapeutic index, low cost, and feasible availability (Leitzmann, 2016). Green tea is a well-known and popular beverage that has been used in a great proportion of the universe's population. Catechins are major polyphenols of green tea most commonly used and have responsibility for its therapeutic applications. Efficacy of green tea catechins combat malignancies and numerous neoplasms, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome, neurodegeneration, autoimmune complications, kidney and urinary tract obstructions, respiratory tract ailments, digestive system dysfunctions, toxicities, microbial diseases, and oxidative damages have been confirmed in recent studies (Mak, 2012;Zaveri, 2006).Besides the effective roles of polyphenols in the alleviation of mortality and morbidity rates have been proved. In some conditions, dysfunctionalities do not prognoses through utilizing conventional drugs and other routes of treatment may be invasive. Therefore, consuming worthful nutraceuticals such as green tea catechins with their

The current study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of Alchemilla mollis (Buser) Rothm. (Rosaceae) aerial parts extracts. Chemical composition was analyzed by spectrophotometric and chromatographic (HPLC) techniques. The antioxidant properties assessed included DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, β-carotene-linoleic acid co-oxidation assay. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated with disc diffusion and micro dilution method. In order to evaluate toxicity of the extracts, with the sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay L929 cell line (mouse fibroblast) was used. The anti-inflammatory activities of the potent antioxidant extracts (methanol, 70% methanol, and water extracts) were determined by measuring the inhibitory effects on NO production and pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α levels in lipopolysaccharide stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. 70% methanol and water extracts which were found to be rich in phenolic compounds (184.79 and 172.60 mg GAE/g extract) showed higher antioxidant activity. Luteolin-7-O-glucoside was the main compound in the extracts. Ethyl acetate and 70% methanol extracts showed higher antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis with MIC value of 125 μg/ml. 70% methanol extract potentially inhibited the NO and TNF-α production (18.43 μm and 1556.22 pg/ml, respectively, 6 h).

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