Phenolic Composition, Anti‐Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities of Alchemilla mollis (Buser) Rothm.

Abstract

The current study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of Alchemilla mollis (Buser) Rothm. (Rosaceae) aerial parts extracts. Chemical composition was analyzed by spectrophotometric and chromatographic (HPLC) techniques. The antioxidant properties assessed included DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, β-carotene-linoleic acid co-oxidation assay. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated with disc diffusion and micro dilution method. In order to evaluate toxicity of the extracts, with the sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay L929 cell line (mouse fibroblast) was used. The anti-inflammatory activities of the potent antioxidant extracts (methanol, 70% methanol, and water extracts) were determined by measuring the inhibitory effects on NO production and pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α levels in lipopolysaccharide stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. 70% methanol and water extracts which were found to be rich in phenolic compounds (184.79 and 172.60 mg GAE/g extract) showed higher antioxidant activity. Luteolin-7-O-glucoside was the main compound in the extracts. Ethyl acetate and 70% methanol extracts showed higher antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis with MIC value of 125 μg/ml. 70% methanol extract potentially inhibited the NO and TNF-α production (18.43 μm and 1556.22 pg/ml, respectively, 6 h).

Appraisal of the antimicrobial and cytotoxic potentials of nanoparticles biosynthesized from the extracts of Pelargonium quercetorum Agnew

“…Their size, morphology, surface charge, surface coating, and synthesis procedures have been reported to affect the antimicrobial performance of AgNPs [26][27][28][29]. Due to the various plant phytochemicals with antimicrobial effects, many plant extracts have widespread use as antimicrobial agents [30,31]. In addition, essential oils rich in terpenic composition have gained importance as effective antimicrobial agents against commercial bacterial strains that cause infections [32].…”

Potential Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Effects of Nanoliposomal Formulation Prepared from Salvia aramiensis Rech. f. Extract

“…After addition of diluted extracts and 70% MeOH extract-loaded liposomes (suspended formulation in 1mL cell culture medium), plates were incubated for 24 h at the same conditions; 10 mm unbuffered Tris-Base (100 µL) was added to solubilize the bound SRB, and the color density was measured at 540 nm with ELISA (Biotek Synergy HT). Results are shown as mean values of six measurements [33].…”

Current Challenges and Perspectives for the Use of Aqueous Plant Extracts in the Management of Bacterial Infections: The Case-Study of Salmonella enterica Serovars

“…Notwithstanding, due to the high polarity of aqueous extracts a higher abundance of phenolic compounds is expected, including phenolic and hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, and tannins, which are well known antibacterial agents. Somewhat surprisingly, only two studies [61,96] amongst the high number of works concerning the antibacterial activity against Salmonella of aqueous extracts (Table S1 and references therein) have analyzed the phenolic composition of the studied extracts in detail, namely by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identifying and quantifying the major components, namely phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols, and flavonoid glycosides. The Vaccinium oxycoccos fruit [61] and Alchemilla mollis aerial parts [96] aqueous extracts showed considerably different MIC values against S. Enteritidis, namely 12.5 and 0.125 mg/mL, respectively.…”

“…Somewhat surprisingly, only two studies [61,96] amongst the high number of works concerning the antibacterial activity against Salmonella of aqueous extracts (Table S1 and references therein) have analyzed the phenolic composition of the studied extracts in detail, namely by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identifying and quantifying the major components, namely phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols, and flavonoid glycosides. The Vaccinium oxycoccos fruit [61] and Alchemilla mollis aerial parts [96] aqueous extracts showed considerably different MIC values against S. Enteritidis, namely 12.5 and 0.125 mg/mL, respectively. These extracts showed similar phenolic acids composition (among simple, cinnamic acids, and their derivatives) and contents (2.3–2.5 mg/g of extract), although Alchemilla mollis extract presented a higher content on simple phenolic acids.…”