The Role of Condensed Tannins in the In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Kinetics in Ruminant Species: Feeding Type Involved?

Abstract

Simple Summary: Inoculum from different feeding types of the ruminant species host has unequal tolerance and effects to condensed tannin (CT) due to their respective feeding strategies behavior producing different ruminal microbiota profiles. This paper describes that in long term incubation, CT plant extract addition affects in vitro fermentation kinetics more severely in grazing ruminant than browsing ruminants.Abstract: Animal feeding behavior and diet composition determine rumen fermentation responses and its microbial characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the rumen fermentation kinetics of domestic ruminants feeding diets with or without condensed tannins (CT). Holstein dairy cows, Nelore beef cattle, Mediterranean water buffalo, Santa Inês sheep and Saanen goats were used as inoculum donors (three animals of each species). The substrates were maize silage (Zea mays), fresh elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), Tifton-85 hay (Cynodon spp.) and fresh alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Acacia (Acacia molissima) extract was used as the external CT source. The in vitro semi-automated gas production technique was used to assess the fermentation kinetics. The experimental design was completely randomized with five inoculum sources (animal species), four substrates (feeds) and two treatments (with or without extract). The inclusion of CT caused more severe effects in grazing ruminants than selector ruminants.

Condensed Tannins in White Clover (Trifolium repens) Foliar Tissues Expressing the Transcription Factor TaMYB14-1 Bind to Forage Protein and Reduce Ammonia and Methane Emissions in vitro

“…Nevertheless, ammonia, isovaleric acid, and other SCFA were still significantly reduced ( p ≤ 0.01) in all samples containing CTs relative to the control ( Tables 1 , 2 ), further confirming the protective role of CTs in rumen fluid in vivo . These results are consistent with previous findings that CT-containing sainfoin significantly reduced ammonia, acetate, propionate, and butyrate production when used in in vitro fermentation ( Theodoridou et al, 2011 ; Bueno et al, 2020 ). The reduction in protein degradation in the rumen is due to the formation of CT-protein complexes ( Mueller-Harvey, 2006 ), which are resistant to microbial degradation ( McSweeney et al, 2001 ; Bueno et al, 2020 ).…”

“…These results are consistent with previous findings that CT-containing sainfoin significantly reduced ammonia, acetate, propionate, and butyrate production when used in in vitro fermentation (Theodoridou et al, 2011;Bueno et al, 2020). The reduction in protein degradation in the rumen is due to the formation of CT-protein complexes (Mueller-Harvey, 2006), which are resistant to microbial degradation (McSweeney et al, 2001;Bueno et al, 2020). The lower SCFA production and higher acetate to the propionate ratio further suggest inhibitory effects of CTs on organic matter degradability in the rumen, which improves ruminant nutrition (Hervas et al, 2000;Patra and Saxena, 2011).…”

Ensiling Grape Pomace With and Without Addition of a Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strain: Effect on Polyphenols and Microbiological Characteristics, in vitro Nutrient Apparent Digestibility, and Gas Emission

“…It is well known that Lactobacillus addition, apart from accelerating lactic acid production and inhibiting detrimental microorganisms' growth, may also further control microorganism population conferring antimicrobial properties to silage and outcompeting them for free sugars ( 69 , 70 ). On the other hand, it is inferred that Lactobacillus addition improves digestibility likely throughout the reduction of all phenolic compounds that may inhibit microbial activity ( 71 , 72 ). Total gas production values for GP were similar to those reported by other authors ( 38 ), and they increased in SIL+.…”

Condensed tannins extracted from Quebracho affect the fermentation profile, nutritional quality and in vitro gas production of pornunça (Manihot spp.) silages

“…The increase in the levels of TC in pornunça silages affected the levels of ADIN, ADIP (in g/kg ADF), NDIP and ADIP (in g/kg CP) contents. These variables are related to the availability of the protein, due to the formation of the tannin-protein complex, which is strongly associated with the constituents of the cell wall, mainly lignin and Maillard compounds, highly resistant to microbial and enzymatic degradation, and ADIP is considered unusable, both in the rumen and in the animal intestine (Magalhães et al, 2019;Bueno et al, 2020).…”