The role of Ag in (Ag,Cu)2ZnSnS4 thin film for solar cell application

Characterization of a Cu2ZnSnS4solar cell fabricated by sulfurization of metallic precursor Mo/Zn/Cu/Sn

“…The cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image (Fig. (a)) shows the layered CZTS grain structure and voids which are consistent with the previous report . The EDS line scan across the grain boundary in Fig.…”

“…Compared with its indium containing predecessor of Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS), the conversion efficiency needs to be doubled to reach the record efficiency of the CIGS solar cells . A CZTS solar cell fabricated by the sulfurization of metallic precursor Mo/Zn/Cu/Sn was reported in our work . The conversion efficiency of 2.31% was achieved.…”

Silver-Doped Cu2SnS3Absorber Layers for Solar Cells Application

“…in ACZTS as well [22]. We expect the same effect for ACTS due to the similar chemistry and the fact that the Ag 2 SnS 3 compound is n-type [27].…”

“…The apparent grain size increases from hundreds of nanometers to several microns. The effect of Ag on the intragrain defects and crystal growth is discussed for both ACZTS [22], [23], [25] and ACIGS [20]. Gershon et al [23] and Su et al [25] found largely increased grain size for ACZTS for a Ag/(Ag + Cu) ratio of ∼10%.…”

“…Gershon et al [23] and Su et al [25] found largely increased grain size for ACZTS for a Ag/(Ag + Cu) ratio of ∼10%. For ACIGS [20] and ACZTS [22], it was shown that the number of planar defects is decreased. For ACIGS, the authors attributed this decrease to a lower melting point of the Ag compound, while for ACZTS, the authors attributed this decrease of planar defects to the filling the copper vacancies.…”