The right weight: body fat, menarche and fertility

Frisch, Rose E.

doi:10.1079/pns19940015

Cited by 109 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…They observed that the time of puberty onset in rats is correlated with body size, not chronological age. Soon after, epidemiological studies in humans reported a similar finding (19); and subsequently, a series of observations gave rise to the hypothesis that a critical amount of body fat is required for proper pubertal development (25, 26). These studies emphasized that conditions of extreme leanness may delay the initiation and progression of pubertal maturation.…”

Section: Metabolism and Pubertymentioning

confidence: 88%

Leptin action in pubertal development: recent advances and unanswered questions

Elias¹

2012

Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism

122

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In recent years, we have witnessed a considerable advance in the understanding of the processes involved in pubertal development. This is partially due to the discovery of the kisspeptin system and its fundamental role in the control of reproductive physiology. In addition, the suspected relationship between increasing rates of childhood obesity and the apparent advance in the age of puberty onset in girls have generated a crescent interest in identifying the mechanisms by which nutrition may influence reproductive maturation. This review will focus on recent data unveiling the sites of leptin’s action in pubertal development that was generated using novel molecular techniques and genetically engineered mouse models. It will also emphasize areas of contention and the many relevant questions that remain unanswered.

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Section: Metabolism and Pubertymentioning

confidence: 88%

Leptin action in pubertal development: recent advances and unanswered questions

Elias¹

2012

Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism

122

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“…The IGFs have been shown to regulate body and muscle growth in chickens (Duclos, 1998). Several studies have shown that circulating IGF-I affects growth rate in poultry (Goddard et al, 1988;Scanes et al, 1989;Ballard et al, 1990). In chickens divergently selected for high or low growth rates, mRNA levels in the high growth rate line than in the low there were significantly higher IGF1 growth rate line (Beccavin et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Polymorphism at the Insulin Like Growth Factor-I Gene in Mazandaran Native Chicken using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Method

Abbasi¹

2011

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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Problem statement: Molecular genetics selection on individual genes is a promising method to genetically improve economically important traits in chickens. The Insulin like Growth Factor-I (IGF1) gene may play important roles in growth of multiple tissues, including muscle cells, cartilage and bone. Approach: In the present study polymorphism of the promoter and 5' untranslated region of IGF-1 gene of Mazandaran native fowls was investigated. In order to evaluate the IGF-1 gene polymorphism we have used a Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) method. Blood samples were collected from randomly chosen 100 Mazandaran native fowls. Genomic DNA was extracted using modified salting-out method and used amplified polymerase chain reaction technique. The promoter and 5' untranslated region of the fowl IGF-1 gene was amplified to produce a 621 bp fragment. The PCR products were electrophoresed on 2.5% agarose gel and stained by etidium bromide. Results: Then, they were digested of amplicon with PstI and revealed two alleles A and B. Data were analyzed using Pop Gene 32 package. In this population, AA, AB, BB genotype have been identified with the 25.88, 50.23, 23.89% frequencies. A and B alleles frequencies were 0.51, 0.49, respectively. The Chi-square (χ 2 ) test was significant and the population was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p<0.05). Conclusion: The PCR technique amplified a DNA fragment of IGF-1 with 621 bp. The results of the RFLP analysis showed two fragment 257 and 354bp after restriction with enzyme with PstI that identify changes in 5′ untranslated region. In according to action modes and importance of IGF-1, its polymorphisms can be related to economical traits such as body weight, muscle cells and bone.

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“…There are several known mechanisms for the influence of adipose tissue on ovulation and menstrual cycle: (1) adipose tissue converts androgens to estrogen by aromatization in breast, abdomen, omentum, and fatty marrow of long bones; (2) body weight influences the direction of estrogen metabolism, with very thin women producing a less potent inactivated form of estrogen (2-hydroxylated form) and obese women producing more potent forms of estrogen because of activated estrogenic activity (16-hydroxylated form); (3) obese women have diminished capacity for estrogen binding with SHBG, which inactivates estrogen and results in an elevated percentage of free serum estradiol; and (4) adipose tissue stores steroid hormones in obese women [24]. In addition, central effects on hypothalamic pituitary axis also potentially regulate ovarian function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Body Weight Changes and Menstrual Irregularity: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010 to 2012

Han

Chung

et al. 2017

Endocrinol Metab

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BackgroundMenstrual irregularity is an indicator of endocrine disorders and reproductive health status. It is associated with various diseases and medical conditions, including obesity and underweight. We aimed to assess the association between body weight changes and menstrual irregularity in Korean women.MethodsA total of 4,621 women 19 to 54 years of age who participated in the 2010 to 2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included in this study. Self-reported questionnaires were used to collect medical information assessing menstrual health status and body weight changes. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to evaluate the association between body weight changes and menstrual irregularity.ResultsSignificantly higher ORs (95% CI) were observed in the association between menstrual irregularity and both weight loss (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.48) and weight gain (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.86) after adjusting for age, body mass index, current smoking, heavy alcohol drinking, regular exercise, calorie intake, education, income, metabolic syndrome, age of menarche, parity, and stress perception. Of note, significant associations were only observed in subjects with obesity and abdominal obesity, but not in non-obese or non-abdominally obese subjects. U-shaped patterns were demonstrated in both obese and abdominally obese subjects, indicating that greater changes in body weight are associated with higher odds of menstrual irregularity.ConclusionWe found a U-shaped pattern of association between body weight changes and menstrual irregularity among obese women in the general Korean population. This result indicates that not only proper weight management but also changes in body weight may influence the regulation of the menstrual cycle.

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The right weight: body fat, menarche and fertility

Cited by 109 publications

References 71 publications

Leptin action in pubertal development: recent advances and unanswered questions

Leptin action in pubertal development: recent advances and unanswered questions

Detection of Polymorphism at the Insulin Like Growth Factor-I Gene in Mazandaran Native Chicken using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Method

Association between Body Weight Changes and Menstrual Irregularity: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010 to 2012

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