The results of cultivation and changes in fish and biological indicators of this year carp when using feed additives NuPro® та Bio-Mos

Abstract

The intensification and development potential of the aquaculture sector has created challenges in finding alternative sources of protein for use in fish feed diets to develop feeds that provide adequate nutrition for fish growth while reducing the use of traditional protein sources. Therefore, the paper aimed to study the feasibility and effectiveness of feed additives “Bio-Mos” and “NuPro®” when implementing them into the diet of this year's carp (Сyprinus carpio). Researches were carried out in the conditions of the fishery “Rudnyky” of the Mykolaiv district of the Lviv region. The object of the study was this year's carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), which were grown in monoculture with artificial feed. In our research, it was found that the maximum average monthly temperature of the water supply source is set in August – +25.6 °С. The oxygen concentration was in the range of 6.5–7.3 mg/dm3. The highest values of permanganate oxidation were found in August – 12.8 g O2/m3, NO2 content increased slightly in July (0.052 mgN/l) and August (0.071 mgN/l) the number of nitrates increased slightly in August and September at 0.360 mgN/l and 0.281 mgN/l. The concentration of NH4+ was at the level of minimum values – 0.151–0.331 mg N/dm3. The phosphate content (PO4-3) fluctuated slightly in the range of 0.11–0.18 mg P/dm3. As a result of research, it was found that when the drug “NuPro” was included in the diet, the average individual weight of this year's carp was higher during the caught period by 24.3 %, and when using the additive “Bio-Mos” this figure exceeded the control by 28.6 %. Accordingly, the total mass of caught young carp from the second experimental pond exceeded this figure in the first control pond by 45.0 %, and in the third experimental pond, respectively – by 57.4 %. At the same time, “NuPro” та “Bio-Mos” increase the survival of young people from 9.3 % to 16.7 %. Therefore, when using feed additives “NuPro” and “Bio-Mos” in the amount of 2 % by weight of feed has a positive effect on the productivity of this year`s carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), which are grown in the III zone of fish farming.

Technologies of carp growing and their features

“…Subject to the implementation of these measures and regular fish farming and biological control in the ponds, the grazing form of carp farming achieves optimal indicators of development of the natural feed base, due to which fish are raised. The average seasonal biomass of natural fodder base in ponds should not be lower: for phytoplankton -20-30 mg/l (but not higher than 80 mg/l); zooplankton -8-12 mg/l; zoobenthos -3-5 g/m 2 (Vachko et al, 2020).…”

“…In current conditions, when there is an acute shortage of natural resources and, first of all, water resources on the planet, the question of their rational use becomes especially urgent. The use of reservoirs comprehensively (for fish breeding purposes, for irrigation, for growing carps) allows you to minimize the cost of land areas and the consumption of fresh water for obtaining various fish products (Vachko, 2020). In addition, it has become relevant to obtain environmentally friendly food products for which production technologies have not yet been sufficiently developed in modern conditions.…”

“…The increase in the cost of growing marketable fish negatively affects its competitiveness, and difficulties arise in the sale of products. In the current economic conditions, resource-saving fish farming technologies are becoming especially relevant, which make it possible to significantly reduce the costs of expensive concentrated feed and, as a result, reduce the cost of growing a unit of fish products (Vachko, 2020).…”

“…Fish and fish products must meet specific requirements regarding their quantity, quality, and cost. Considerable attention should be paid to the optimization of production processes and production, the introduction of resource-saving techniques, fuller use of resource potential, accelerating the payback period of capital investments, the efficiency of fixed assets and working capital, mechanization and automation of production processes, rational use of biological resources (Rahman, 2015;Vachko et al, 2020;Vodianitskyi et al, 2020;Kofonov et al, 2020;Hrynevych et al, 2021).…”