The relationship between periodontal disease, tooth loss and decreased skeletal bone mineral density in ageing women

Abstract

Although osteoporosis is not the main cause of periodontitis, it may be a factor that leads to enhanced periodontal pocket depth and greater risk of tooth loss in ageing women.

Osteoporotic alterations in a group of different ethnicity Brazilian postmenopausal women: An observational study

“…One example is that periodontitis has been proved to be associated with osteoporosis, 59 although osteoporosis is not the primary cause of periodontal disease. 59 A decreased BMD leads to enhanced periodontal pocket depth and greater risk for tooth loss 59 and the extent of periodontitis. 60 In addition, a systemic low BMD can lead to alterations of the mandibular shape, such as the loss of integrity of the inferior mandibular cortex.…”

Differences in Periodontal Severity Between Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women with Chronic Periodontitis

“…hormone levels vary during perimenopause, resulting in a hormonal imbalance; during this menopausal transition, there is a decrease in estrogen production [11,28,29], triggering inflammation that manifests in an increase in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in decreased physical function [30]. Estrogen receptors are highly expressed in the periodontium; thus, a hormonal imbalance in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women significantly affects the periodontium [11,28]. This is consistent with previous findings that the highest prevalence of oral discomfort is observed during the perimenopausal and postmenopausal (43%) periods as compared with that in the premenopausal period (6%) [4].…”

Dynamics of myoepithelial cells in salivary gland lesions: An update

“…[15] A cross-sectional study of 112 women predicted that as the number of years since menopause increased their BMD decreases and more periodontal tooth loss was expected. [16] Contributions for osteoporosis in Indian women are as follows: 1. Inadequate calcium supplementation both during childhood and postmenopause 2.…”