Differences in Periodontal Severity Between Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women with Chronic Periodontitis

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the differences in periodontal severity between perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with chronic periodontitis. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study with 63 subjects, comprising 27 perimenopausal and 36 postmenopausal women, aged 45-59 years, was conducted in East Jakarta. The women were interviewed regarding their perimenopausal and postmenopausal status; they underwent a periodontal examination for periodontal pockets, attachment loss, gingival recession, plaque index, debris index, calculus index, oral hygiene index, papilla bleeding index, and tooth mobility. Independent T-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for bivariate analysis. Results: There were significant differences (p<0.05) in age between perimenopausal and postmenopausal women (p=0.01); however, no significant differences (p>0.05) in gingival recession (p=0.33) or tooth mobility (p=0.84) were observed. Independent t-test revealed no significant differences in pocket depth (p=0.95), attachment loss (p=0.71), plaque index (p=0.89), debris index (p=0.52), calculus index (p=0.46), oral hygiene index (p=0.48), or papilla bleeding index (p=0.63) between perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Conclusion: There was no difference in periodontal severity between perimenopausal and postmenopausal women; however, the current study obtained valuable information regarding periodontal severity in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Gender-Associated Oral and Periodontal Health Based on Retrospective Panoramic Radiographic Analysis of Alveolar Bone Loss

“…Premenopausal women exhibit the lower prevalence of periodontitis as compared with men and on contrary, after menopause, with a weakening estrogen signal, women may show equal or even greater periodontal destruction as compared to age matched men [168]. Wulandari et al reported no difference in periodontal severity between perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, however, emphasized the role of the bacterial plaque regarding periodontal disease severity in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in a cross-sectional investigation in 63 subjects, aged 45-59 years, in East Jakarta [169]. Paramashivaiah et al examined 104 postmenopausal women, agegroup ranging from 35 to 60 years, and reported radiographic alveolar bone loss correlated with clinical indicators including attachment loss.…”

Association of periodontal health with physical and emotional well-being among pre and postmenopausal women in Bangalore: a cross sectional study

“…12 A number of studies have related menopause with some periodontal conditions. 1,[6][7][8][9]11,12,18,19 In the present study, pre and postmenopausal women were compared. First, the present findings indicate that women after menopause experienced more physical and emotional changes.…”

“…1,7,11,12 On the contrary, in three studies authors stated that menopause did not appear to significantly influence the severity of periodontal disease and tooth loss. [8][9][10] So far, there is no consensus for an increased risk of periodontitis after menopause. 1 Hence, this study was conducted to assess the association of periodontal health with physical and emotional wellbeing in pre and postmenopausal women.…”

The Effect of Menopause on Nadph Oxidase Levels After Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatments on Patients With Periodontitis

“…Upon reviewing the literature, it can be seen that studies are showing that the PI, GI and CAL values in the postmenopausal patients were higher compared to the premenopausal patients 30,52,60 or finding the values of the premenopausal and postmenopausal similar. [61][62][63] It was shown that estrogens decreased ROS production and therefore prevented oxidative stress formation. 64 It is considered that the antioxidant contribution of estrogen arises from its stimulating effect on the natural antioxidant enzymes.…”