“…Alston & Gillespie, 1989;Singh, 2008;Petrovic & Milos, 2011;Huang & Cao, 2015): (a) higher selling price -this is presumably the most important benefi t from the advent of manufacturer conjunction; (b) economic scale -taking collective action on the same timeline will save certain expenses or improve effi ciency in a certain process; (c) external economies provide advantages including the improvement of member productivity due to information distribution; (d) non-economic advantages -the cooperative movement places signifi cant emphasis on non-economic advantages. The condition of perfect competition is the existence of an equal number of sellers and buyers, and both act as price makers.Many developing countries are characterized by weak governance environment, limited availability of information, high costs of coordination, and high risk(Dorward, Poole, Morrison, Kydd & Urey, 2003)…”