The swift flow of globalization has led to increasingly eroded Indonesian local culturalvalues. This has caused a shift in neglected cultural values and local wisdom. Therefore,an approach is needed, namely ethnoscience in the learning process. This studypurposed to determine whether The Elementary School of Muhammadiyah Alam SuryaMentari has applied ethnoscience in science learning and describe the implementationof ethnoscience based on science learning in The Elementary School of MuhammadiyahAlam Surya Mentari.The method used was descriptive qualitative research design. Theresults of the study showed that the planning of science learning based on ethnoscienceapproach in This School was still unplanned, but the school had unconsciously implementedethnoscience approach. The implementation of science based on ethnosciencelearning was by integrating between the material with the environment, culture, and socialin the environment. Evaluation of the implementation of ethnoscience based on sciencelearning included cognitive, affective, and psychomotor evaluation in accordance withevaluation standards in the 2013 curriculum.

The northern coast of the Central Java province is considered to be the critical area of flood path. The area is vulnerable to floods because of incessant rain and/or sea-level rise, resulting in suffering to people and the deterioration of the ecosystem. A number of measures have been implemented to manage the problem of floods, although the results are not noteworthy. It is obvious that infrastructure capacity for flood control, community awareness and other multiple factors significantly contribute to averting the problem of flooding in the area. This study aimed to determine the level of flood-zone vulnerability, the level of community resilience to floods and the influence of vulnerability aspects on community resilience. Interviews were conducted to outline the resilience model. A quantitative method was employed to analyse the data. The results of this study indicated that the exposure aspect is the greatest variable in describing flood vulnerability. At the same time, the greatest variables determining community resilience are damages, followed by losses and personal casualties. Among the flood vulnerability aspects are the exposure and adaptive capacities that determine the community resilience of the northern coast of Central Java.

The northern coast of Central Java province is considered as the critical area of flood path. Semarang as capital city of this province with its junction area of Kendal and Demak always suffering from flood due to rain and or high tide seawater. It is realised that infrastructures' capacity for flood control, awareness of people and other multi-factors are significantly contributed on the flood problem in these area. Mixed-methods of quantitative and qualitative are employed to analyze the data. The study found that there was a decline in quality of -people's life, environment and its ecosystem. Awareness and responsiveness of people and also the other stakeholders are not progressive to overcome the problem of flood. This study is trying to contribute in outlining a model of adaptation and mitigation for the people to restore their ecosystem from the perspective of economist.Keywords: flood, climate-change, adaptation, mitigation JEL Classification: Q51, Q54 Model Adaptasi dan Mitigasi untuk Masyarakat Dalam Pemulihan Ekosistem Akibat Banjir di Semarang, Indonesia AbstrakPantai Utara di Provinsi Jawa Tengah dianggap sebagai daerah jalur kritis banjir. Semarang sebagai ibu kota Provinsi ini merupakan daerah persimpangan jalur Kendal dan Demak yang selalu mengalami banjir karena hujan dan atau pasang air laut. Disadari bahwa kapasitas infrastruktur untuk pengendalian banjir, kesadaran orang dan berbagai faktor lain sangat berperan bsar dalam persoalan banjir di daerah ini. Untuk menganalisis data dipergunakan metode campuran kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada penurunan kualitas hidup masyarakat, lingkungan, dan ekosistem. Kesadaran dan respon dari orang-orang dan juga para pemangku kepentingan lain yang tidak progresif untuk mengatasi masalah banjir. Penelitian ini sedang mencoba untuk berkontribusi dalam menguraikan model adaptasi dan mitigasi bagi masyarakat untuk memulihkan ekosistem mereka dari sudut pandang ekonom.Kata kunci: banjir, perubahan iklim, adaptasi, mitigasi Klasifikasi JEL: Q51, Q54

The question arises for fishery managers as to whether or not there are observable and measurable attributes of the skipper or vessel that fishery managers can monitor and possibly regulate to control expansions in fishing capacity from this source. This paper addresses this neglected issue of resource management through a case study of the trawler fishery in the state of Kedah in Peninsular Malaysia. In the Kedah trawl fishery, skipper characteristics other than ethnicity did not significantly affect technical efficiency and skipper skill. Hence, there does not appear to be any readily observable characteristics pertaining to skipper skill to monitor and regulate. This finding militates against regulating skipper skill to control expansions in fishing capacity that can happen under license limitation. The results indicate that a skipper training program for the least efficient skippers may be called for to meet the objectives of equity and fairness as expressed in the New Economic Policy and its successor, the New Development Plan. Such a training program would also be consistent with one of the initial aims of the license limitation program, which was to promote equity among all ethnic groups in Malaysian society.

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