The relationship between air pollutants and COVID-19 cases and its implications for air quality in Jakarta, Indonesia

Rendana, Muhammad; Komariah, Leily Nurul

doi:10.29244/jpsl.11.1.93-100

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Another study found that exposure to SO 2 , CO, and PM 2.5 made an area more susceptible to Covid19 infection. Nonetheless, this result is also closely related to climatic factors such as temperature, precipitation, and wind speed (11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The quality standard of air pollutants in Indonesia In March 2020, large-scale social restrictions were implemented in Jakarta to reduce the spread of Covid19. The impact was also seen in the changes in Jakarta's air quality, which appeared to decrease by 15.74% for PM 10 , 6.26% for SO 2 , 29.17% for CO, and 18.34% for NO 2 , as well as an increase of 4.06% for O 3 (11).…”

Section: Hazard Identificationmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Air Pollutants in Online Motorcycle Taxi Drivers in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta

Simatupang

Veronika

Irfandi

et al. 2022

JKL

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Introduction: Online motorcycle taxi drivers spend most of their time outside as either driving or waiting for their customers. Therefore, chances of exposure to various air pollutants are higher and may cause various health problems, especially the respiratory problems. Methods: This is a descriptive study that used the Environmental Health Risk Analysis method to estimate the Risk Quotient (RQ) from exposure to PM10, SO2, CO, O3, and NO2 in drivers. The RQ was calculated based on exposure concentrations from the Special Capital Region of Jakarta Environment Agency; daily working hours, working days in a year, and working period obtained from interviews; additionally, body weight measurement, reference concentration (RfC), and the default value of inhalation intake were also collected. The population of this study was adult online motorcycle taxi drivers who operate around areas which become the air quality measurement stations in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta with a total sample of 81 people. Results and Discussion: The RQ for all minimum, average, and maximum concentrations of SO2, CO, and NO2 were <1. While for the average and maximum concentrations of PM10 and the maximum concentration of O3, the RQ was >1. The safe concentrations, work duration, and the number of working days also surpassed the maximum safety limit levels. Conclusion: PM10 and O3 ambient exposures are categorized unsafe for drivers. Environmental health efforts are necessary to reduce the concentration of air pollutants, and the guidelines to reduce pollutants exposure should be provided for drivers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Hazard Identificationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Air Pollutants in Online Motorcycle Taxi Drivers in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta

Simatupang

Veronika

Irfandi

et al. 2022

JKL

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“…Furthermore, encouraging polycentric urban form can be an alternative future metropolitan development to reduce commuting behavior (Hudalah and Firman, 2012). It is worth noting that, stimulated by the current pandemic situation, the change of work behavior from work from office to work from home has been proven to function well and to reduce emissions (Rendana and Komariah, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the Green City Concept in the Tropical and Global South Cities Context: The Case of Indonesia

Zain

Pribadi

Indraprahasta

2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Urban areas play a key role in reaching global sustainability as they produce a high amount of waste and emissions, consume a lot of resources, and perform as the prime mover of the global economy. Unsustainable urbanization will generate multidimensional impacts on the earth’s socio-ecological system that is nearly impossible to be managed. As a preemptive action, urban sustainability has been considered as one of the most important targets in the Sustainable Development Goals. Within this context, the green city has emerged as a widely adopted concept around the globe. In the Global North, the concept of a green city has been incrementally developed as efforts to mainstream green infrastructure and nature-based solutions approaches in supporting ecosystem services. Quite the contrary, in the Global South cities, due to their rapid and vast urbanization process, the green city has been fragmentally adopted. Previous studies have proposed three factors, i.e., urbanization, biophysics, and governance, underlying the different approaches of green city development between cities in the Global North and South. Still, more studies are needed to explicate these factors and how these will in turn shape a particular green city trajectory in Global South cities. This study aims to respond to these questions based on green city experimentation in Indonesia. An exploratory study was done based on a literature review and participant observation. The results exhibit that the green city program in Indonesia largely focused on the development of green open spaces which has ultimately failed to improve the urban environment and sustainability. Incorporating local socio-ecological aspects coupled with integrated multi-level and multi-actors’ governance is recommended to increase the green city performances.

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“…5 It is estimated that there were more than 5.5 million air pollution-related disease cases in Jakarta in 2010, including 2.45 million cases of ARI. 9 A previous study has discussed that ambient air pollutants have an essential role in contributing to the high respiratory infection ratio by making people more vulnerable to the virus. 10 The WHO also reported that seven million die annually because of fine particles in the polluted air.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SO2 Concentration and the Occurrence of Acute Respiratory Infection in Children Under Five

Lestari¹,

Haryanto²

2022

Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional

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Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia, with 10.7 million inhabitants with poor air quality as of 2020. Higher levels of pollution often come with an increase in the number of health risks and pneumonia cases. This study aimed to determine the association between SO2 concentration and the occurrence of acute respiratory infection in children under five. An ecological time series design was implemented during the study by utilizing secondary data of SO2 concentrations and ARI from the Indonesian Agency for Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysics, the Special Capital Region of Jakarta Environmental, and Health Office. Statistical correlation tests were performed to analyze the association between SO2 concentration and ARI prevalence in five administrative cities in Jakarta from 2018-2021 based on the rainy and dry seasons. The average concentration of SO2 was 18.06–20.89 μg/m3. There was no significant correlation between SO2 concentration and the occurrence of ARI in children under five in Jakarta in 2018–2021, with a weak relationship (r = 0.24). It seems that children under five in Jakarta spent their time indoors rather than outdoors, so they were exposed to fewer transportation emissions.

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The relationship between air pollutants and COVID-19 cases and its implications for air quality in Jakarta, Indonesia

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Air Pollutants in Online Motorcycle Taxi Drivers in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta

Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Air Pollutants in Online Motorcycle Taxi Drivers in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta

Revisiting the Green City Concept in the Tropical and Global South Cities Context: The Case of Indonesia

SO2 Concentration and the Occurrence of Acute Respiratory Infection in Children Under Five

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