The relation between dietary habits and urinary levels of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, a pyrethroid metabolite

Predictors of urinary levels of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, and pentachlorophenol in 121 adults in Ohio

“…A limited number of studies have examined the influence of sociodemographic or lifestyle factors on the urinary concentrations of TCP or 3-PBA in non-occupationally exposed adults worldwide (Kieszak et al, 2002;Berkowitz et al, 2003;Egeghy et al, 2005;Meeker et al, 2005;Riederer et al, 2008;Ye et al, 2008;Kimata et al, 2009;Fortes et al, 2013;McKelvey et al, 2013;Wielgomas and Piskunowicz, 2013). In this current study, modeling results showed that urbanicity, employment status, sampling season, and ln(creatinine) levels were significant predictors (p < 0.05) of the CTEPP adults' ln(urinary TCP) concentrations, together explaining 20% of the variability of TCP in the adult urine samples.…”

Associations between dietary factors and urinary concentrations of organophosphate and pyrethroid metabolites in a Canadian general population

“…Beta coefficients of the multiple linear regression models were transformed back from log-transformation to show ratio(s) of original concentrations between comparison groups. Similar multiple linear regression analyses were also conducted for 3-PBA, the predominant metabolite of pyrethroid pesticides (Fortes et al, 2013). Sensitivity analyses were also performed using molar concentrations (nmol/L) of DAP and PYR as dependent variables and urinary creatinine concentrations (g/L) as an independent covariate to adjust for the effect of the potential diet-related variation in urinary creatinine concentrations .…”

“…Moreover, results from the US CPES showed that there was an approximate 50% reduction in urinary concentrations of 3-PBA when substituting conventional diet with organic food among children, which suggests that dietary intake was an important predictor of urinary 3-PBA levels (Lu et al, 2009). However, these exposure studies were typically conducted in specific age groups (Berman et al, 2013;Lu et al, 2009;Munoz-Quezada et al, 2012), and often in a small convenient sample (Fortes et al, 2013) or specific region (McKelvey et al, 2013). Only few large general population-based studies (McKelvey et al, 2013;Riederer et al, 2008), and none in Canada, have investigated the relationship between dietary factors and urinary concentrations of OP and PYR metabolites.…”

“…Another study in Chile also showed that residual levels of OP pesticides on fruits were significantly associated with higher urinary concentrations of OP metabolites among school-aged children (Munoz-Quezada et al, 2012). A recent study of an adult population in Italy showed that consuming cruciferous (OR: 4.67; 95% CI: 1.07-20.5) and leafy vegetables (OR: 6.88; 95% CI: 1.50-31.7) was strongly associated with high levels (≥0.70 g/g creatinine) of pyrethroid metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) in urine (Fortes et al, 2013). In the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1999(NHANES, -2002, dietary factors, including eating spinach, lettuce and broccoli and drinking citrus juices, were significantly associated with urinary concentrations of 3-PBA for children, adolescents and adults (Riederer et al, 2008).…”

“…Association studies have suggested relationships between dietary intake and urinary concentrations of OP and PYR insecticides (Berman et al, 2013;Fortes et al, 2013;Lu et al, 2009;McKelvey et al, 2013;Munoz-Quezada et al, 2012;Riederer et al, 2008). In an adult population in Israel, urinary concentrations of OP metabolites among subjects with high fruit consumption (>75th percentile) were 1.27 times (p = 0.073) of the concentrations among those with low fruit consumption (<75th percentile) (Berman et al, 2013).…”