The refractory phase of voluntary and associative responses.

Telford, C. W.

doi:10.1037/h0073262

Cited by 507 publications

(348 citation statements)

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“…Dual-task research has a long history (e.g., Telford, 1931;Welford, 1952). Ferreira and Pashler (2002) conducted two experiments using the psychological refractory period (PRP) paradigm, a widely used dual-task procedure (for reviews, see D. E. Meyer & Kieras, 1997a;Pashler, 1994).…”

Section: Background To the Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention, gaze shifting, and dual-task interference from phonological encoding in spoken word planning.

Roelofs

2008

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

110

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Controversy exists about whether dual-task interference from word planning reflects structural bottleneck or attentional control factors. Here, participants named pictures whose names could or could not be phonologically prepared, and they manually responded to arrows presented away from (Experiment 1), or superimposed onto, the pictures (Experiments 2 and 3); or they responded to tones (Experiment 4). Pictures and arrows/tones were presented at stimulus onset asynchronies of 0, 300, and 1,000 ms. Earlier research showed that vocal responding hampers auditory perception, which predicts earlier shifts of attention to the tones than to the arrows. Word planning yielded dual-task interference. Phonological preparation reduced the latencies of picture naming and gaze shifting. The preparation benefit was propagated into the latencies of the manual responses to the arrows but not to the tones. The malleability of the interference supports the attentional control account. This conclusion was corroborated by computer simulations showing that an extension of WEAVERϩϩ (A. Roelofs, 2003) with assumptions about the attentional control of tasks quantitatively accounts for the latencies of vocal responding, gaze shifting, and manual responding.

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Section: Background To the Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention, gaze shifting, and dual-task interference from phonological encoding in spoken word planning.

Roelofs

2008

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

110

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“…Major evidence for this claim came from dual-task research, showing that simultaneous performance of two choice reaction time (RT) tasks leads to dramatic slowing of the second task (Pashler 1994;Telford 1931;Welford 1952). Since the 1950s, the psychological refractory period (PRP) paradigm has become one of the most important paradigms to visualize and test such processing limitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). This RT 2 pattern is denoted as the PRP eVect and reXects additional performance costs in dual tasks (Pashler 1994;Telford 1931). RT 1 is typically found to be relatively independent of the SOA manipulation (Pashler and Johnston 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How two share two tasks: evidence of a social psychological refractory period effect

Liepelt

Prinz

2011

Exp Brain Res

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A strong assumption shared by major theoretical approaches to cognition posits that the human cognitive system has a limited capacity for information processing. Evidence supporting this claim comes from the dual-task paradigm in which one cognitive system has to process two tasks simultaneously. In this study, we examined whether bottleneck-like processing can also be elicited when a dual task is shared between two individuals. Under dual-task instructions giving priority to Task 1, we found evidence of a psychological refractory period eVect in dual-task and joint-task conditions. Under equal priority instructions, we replicated the Wnding of a psychological refractory period eVect in the dual-task, but not in the joint-task condition. These Wndings are in line with the assumption that a social psychological refractory period eVect can be induced across two individuals. We suggest that this eVect is due to taskspeciWc monitoring requirements. We discuss our Wndings with respect to both dual-task and joint action theories.

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“…The development of the psychological refractory period (PRP) paradigm (Telford, 1931;Welford, 1952) provided a methodological breakthrough that allowed researchers to exactly control the flow of information in both tasks. The PRP paradigm involves two elementary tasks with a limited set of clearly defined stimuli and responses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most influential and elegant account of the PRP effect has been the response selection bottleneck (RSB) model (Telford, 1931;Welford, 1952). A starting assumption of the RSB model is that tasks at hand can be divided into three successive cognitive processing steps, namely perceptual processing (i.e., stimulus encoding/categorization), response selection (i.e., deciding which response corresponds to the stimulus according to the task rules), and response execution processes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%