The reduction of free gossypol in cottonseed by pressure cooking

Abstract

Summary It has been demonstrated that the rate of disappearance of free gossypol during pressure cooking correlates well when using the equation of a second order chemical reaction. This equation applies to raw seed, whole meats, flaked meats, and solvent extracted flakes. For whole meats it was shown that the value of the rate constant K for the disappearance of free gossypol varies in direct proportion to the initial moisture content of the meats; and the log of K varies linearly with the temperature of the meats. Based on these factors a method has been presented by which the three cooking variables: moisture, temperature, and time, can be correlated into a single equation for any one series of cooks on cottonseed meats.

Cottonseed: A sustainable contributor to global protein requirements

“…Heat and pressure conditions (Gribbins, 1951) have also been evaluated for reducing the gossypol concentrations in cottonseed kernels. It was established that pressure cooking decreased the gossypol concentration by up to 91.1% in CSM (Gad & El-Zalaki, 1980).…”

“…In this method, the solute CSM is dissolved in a liquid solvent, which facilitates the close association of gossypol with the solvent. The choice of solvent to be utilized is dependent upon the solubility of the solute in the desired solvent, effectiveness of the process, nontoxicity, reusability, and low cost (Gribbins, 1951, Smith, 1971Batson et al, 1951;Thurber et al, 1954). The benefits of the solvent extraction technique include the good extraction efficiency of gossypol with very low economic inputs.…”

Cottonseed Kernel Powder as a Natural Health Supplement: An Approach to Reduce the Gossypol Content and Maximize the Nutritional Benefits

“…Several approaches have been performed for the reduction of gossypols such as pressure cooking [9], hydraulic pressing, screw pressing [10], solvent/alkali-salt extraction [3,11,12], liquid cyclone process [3,13], microbial fermentation [14][15][16], and ultrasound technique for detoxification of gossypol from cottonseed meal [17]. Among all methods, the solvent-based removal of gossypol from cottonseed meal has been found commercially viable due to the dissolution of the solute (gossypol) in the acidified solvents [18,19].…”