The pyroclastites around southwestern part of Van Lake (eastern Anatolia, Turquey): implications on the regional palaeohydrography

Mouralis, Damase; Kuzucuoğlu, Catherine; Akköprü, Ebbru; Doğu, Ali Fuat; Scaillet, Stéphane; Christol, Aurélien; Zorer, Halil; Brunstein, Daniel; Fort, Monique; Guillou, Hervé

doi:10.4000/quaternaire.5739

Cited by 6 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…This morphological relationship can be possibly explained by: (a) post‐depositional deformations such as a tectonic uplift, locally evident at Beyüzümü where the cumulative uplift of faulted blocks reaches 65 m high; (b) an old and ≥1755 m high lake threshold which was destroyed by a later erosion down to an altitude lower than 1736 m before the emission of the ignimbrite forming today's lake threshold. This latter hypothesis is suggested by our field data (see below), meaning that the Pleistocene history of the relief distribution within the lake basin has been very complex and instable (Mouralis et al , 2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation of the Upper Pleistocene terraces of Lake Van (Turkey)

Kuzucuoğlu

Christol

Mouralis

et al. 2010

J Quaternary Science

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International audienceSedimentological and geomorphological studies of terraces around Lake Van (1647 m) provided a preliminary framework for lake-level variations. The elevations of terraces and past lake level were measured with a differential global positioning system. A chronology is developed using 234U/230Th dating of travertines, 39Ar/40Ar dating of pyroclastites and 14C dating of organic matter. Facies and stratigraphic correlations identify four transgressions (C10, C100, C20 and C200), each followed by a regression which ended with low lake levels that caused river incision and terrace formation. Evidence of the oldest transgression (C10) is found in the uppermost reaches of valleys up to 1755 m, an altitude higher than the present lake threshold (1736 m). This C10 transgression may be related to pyroclastic flows which dammed an outlet located in the western part of the lake basin and which is dated to before 105 ka. After 100 ka, a second transgression (C100) reached 1730/1735 m, possibly related to a younger ignimbrite flow, in association with high water inflow (warm and/or wetter conditions). The two younger transgressions reached 1700–1705 m. The first one (C20) is dated to 26–24.5 cal. ka BP and the second one (C200) to 21–20 cal. ka BP. Available data suggest that the long-termlake-level changes responded mainly to climate oscillations. Additional events such as river captures caused by volcanic falls filling valleys, tectonism, erosion and karstic diversion may have impacted these long-term lake-level changes

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our fieldwork focused on sections in the five tributary valleys of Lake Van, explored from their mouths to ∼15 km inland: the Karasu and the Engil (Christol et al, 2010), the Kotum–Küçüksu (Mouralis et al , 2010) and the Zilan and the Bendimahi, with the addition of a large coastal area north of Van (Mollakasım) (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Formation of the Upper Pleistocene terraces of Lake Van (Turkey)

Kuzucuoğlu

Christol

Mouralis

et al. 2010

J Quaternary Science

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“…The compiled data are from Kuzuo¤lu et al (2010), Kempe et al (2002), Mouralis et al (2010), and this study. (Kempe et al, 2002) (Figure 1).…”

Section: Age Of the Terrace Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This terrace reaches 1755 masl, about 110 m above the present lake level and 20 m above the present lake threshold, and was deposited during a period when pyroclastic deposits dammed the lake's outlet in the Kotum Valley. Another terrace in the lower Kotum Dere Valley (our Sections KOD1 GPS-035 and KOD 2, GPS-037; Fig 1) reach 1730-1735 m, and is dated sometime between 100-35 ka, according to the 39 Ar/ 40 Ar and U/Th ages of the travertine and pumice units disconformably underlying the laminated terrace sediments Mouralis et al, 2010).…”

Section: Age Of the Terrace Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Late Quaternary Tectono-Stratigraphic Evolution of the Lake Van, Turkey

Görür¹,

Çağatay²,

Zabcı³

et al. 2015

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

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Many of the terraces around the Lake Van record a relatively short period of the much longer geological history of the Lake Van Basin. Their deposition took place during the last ca. 125 ka BP. They accumulated in a large array of shallow lake and lake margin environments, such as alluvial fan/braided river, beach, Gilbert-type delta, nearshore lake and offshore lake. Variability of their lithofacies provides evidence for climatic and tectonic controls of their depositional conditions. During their deposition high relief areas in the watershed delivered abundant detritus to the coastal areas of the lake. The sedimentation was therefore dominated by terrigenous clastic deposits. The highest concentrations of the coarse clastic sediments were at the mouths of the major streams where they formed Gilbert-type deltas. These river-dominated lacustrine deltas formed during rising lake levels and are relatively more abundant and thicker in the eastern margin of the lake, indicating that this margin mostly had a low-energy coast sheltered from the prevailing westerly winds. However, some areas of the same margin adjacent to deltas were also supplied with sediments by waves and storm-induced longshore currents to form beaches. Storms and storm-generated traction currents were perhaps active agents along the shores of the Lake Paleo-Van as suggested by the presence of the coarse-grained material in its nearshore facies. Somehow, during times of lake highstands, turbidity currents seem not to have played an important role in the sediment transportation along the lake margin, because the nearshore sediments hardly show any evidence of turbidite depositon, such as graded bedding and sole-marks. The offshore lake was relatively quite standing water, depositing laterally persistent, thinly-bedded to varved and fine-grained sandstones and mudstones in part with hydroplastic disruptions, such as slumps and convolute beddings. Because of the lack of sufficient datings of the terrace sequences around Lake Van, we cannot correlate them unequivocally. However, the absence of large-scale cyclicity within a given terrace sequence in each locality suggests that deposition of each terrace occurred during a separate lake level fluctuation each reaching to higher level than the modern lake level followed by a regression. The available age data suggest that high lake levels, reaching up to 1760 m asl, occurred during the last interglacial (MIS 5; 123-71 ka BP), 26-24 ka BP, 22-21 ka BP and 10-6 ka BP. The younging of the terrace deposits along with the decrease in elevation suggests either a gradual decline of lake level with time, or the effect of the cumulative uplift with time or both. The fluctuating lake level was probably due to a combination of climatic, volcanic and tectonic processes. Considering the hydrologically closed nature of the lake, climate probably played more important role than the others. Since the formation of the youngest terrace sediments of 6 ka BP, perhaps the climate in the basin has been mostly relatively more ar...

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“…The latest studies on Nemrut volcano mainly focused on geology, volcanology, petrology (Özpeker, 1973;Güner, 1984;Atasoy et al, 1988;Yılmaz et al, 1998;Karaoğlu et al, 2005;Ersoy et al, 2006;Çubukçu et al, 2007Çubukçu, 2008;Ulusoy et al, 2008;Mouralis et al, 2010), geothermal potential (Atasoy et al, 1988;Ünlü and Can, 1983;Bal, 1986), geophysics (Bal, 1986;Ulusoy, 2008;Ulusoy et al, 2008), and risk potential (Aydar et al, 2003;Ulusoy et al, 2008). There are also historical/mythological bibliography and researches (Şerefhan, 1597;Karakhanian et al, 2002Karakhanian et al, , 2006Gadjimuradov and Schmoeckel, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%