The Psychological Structure of Leisure: Activities, Needs, People

The Benefits of Adult Piano Study as Self-Reported by Selected Adult Piano Students

“…The research literature reviewed for the present study made frequent mention of social interaction, community, friendship, cooperation and social bonding as benefits of leisure activities (Driver & Brown, 1986;Driver & Bruns, 1999;London, Crandall, & Fitzgibbons, 1977;Tinsley et al, 1977;Tinsley & Kass, 1978, 1979. In the field of adult music research, many writers have noted the presence of similar social motivators and benefits (Chiodo, 1997;Conda, 1997;Heintzelman, 1989;Hinkle, 1988).…”

“…In a study by London, Crandall, and Fitzgibbons (1977), it was reported that positive interpersonal involvement was one of the three basic dimensions of leisure needs. This dimension included social aspects such as cooperation with others and the development of friendships.…”

Gender differences in leisure-need activity patterns

“…Ratings of 13 need attributes for a set of 16 popular leisure activities (modified from the sets of needs and activities reported in London et al, 1977) were collected. Subjects were asked to rate on 7-point scales (1 = applies quite a lot, 7 = applies very little) each leisure activity in terms of the extent to which each of the 13 need attributes applies to participation in the activity.…”

“…The list of leisure activities and needs used in the present study was adapted from a study conducted by London, Crandall, and Fitzgibbons (1977). In their study, London and his colleagues selected both leisure activities and needs that earlier research had identified as representative of factors describing a broad range of leisure activities and needs.…”

A Qualitative Exploration of Female Surfers: Recreation Specialization, Motivations, and Perspectives

“…Numerous theories and models have been used to investigate the various factors and variables contributing to leisure motivation (e.g., Beard & Ragheb, 1983;London, Crandall, & Fitzgibbons, 1977;Tinsley & Kass, 1979).…”