Gender differences in leisure-need activity patterns

Abstract

Abstract:A gender-by-leisure choice model predicting four different leisure-choice-by-need patterns, based on gender restricted or unrestricted choice by same or different needs, is described and tested. Assessment of leisure-choice-by-need patterns was made by determining the relevance of a set of 13 need attributes for 16 different leisure activities. Gender differences in need attributes for each activity were identified using stepwise discriminant analysis. Results revealed significant discriminations for 12 of the 16 activities. Analyses further indicated that somewhat different clusters of need attributes were associated with each activity. Results provided tentative support for the proposed model, suggesting that participation in some activities is related to the same needs for males and females, while participation in other activities is related to different needs.gender stereotypes | gender studies | leisure activities | leisure needs

The relationship between goal perspectives, persistence and behavioral intensity among male and female recreational sport participants

“…Consistent with past research that has indicated that sex differences in goal perspectives in competitive sport exist (Duda 1985a(Duda , 1986aEwing 1981;Gill, 1986) and that the meaning of leisure and choice of leisure activities varies by gender (Iso-Ahola 1977a;Ragheb 1980b;White and Gruber 1985), male and female recreational sport participants differed in the emphasis placed on task and ego involvement. In general, males tended to stress social comparison-based goals in sport more than females.…”

“…Studies have also suggested that there are gender differences in leisure preferences and participation (Bishop and Witt 1970;Ragheb 1980b) and that involvement in diverse leisure activities relate to differences in need fulfillment for males and females (White and Gruber 1985). In particular, research by Iso-Ahola (1977a) indicated that perceptions of leisure among women tend to correspond more to intrinsic motivation.…”

Motives for Creativity: Exploring the What and Why of Everyday Creativity

“…Future research thus should explore differences in the relevance of motives between everyday creativity and professional creativity potentially including, for example, mission/ passion as additional motive. Moreover, it would be highly interesting to study variations in the structure and strength of certain motives as a function of gender (Weygandt White & Gruber, 1985) and culture (Chen & Pang, 2012). Together, this research will help us to better understand the various reasons and important functions of everyday creativity.…”

Gender Roles and Women's Achievement-Related Decisions

“…Men and women may also approach similar activities with different goals and needs in mind. In a recent study of leisure activities, White and Gruber (1985) asked male and female college students to rate the extent to which each of 16 popular leisure activities fulfilled 13 different need attributes (e. g., cooperating with other people, seeing the results of your efforts, feeling important, hearing how well you are doing from others). The women rated each of the following attributes as more salient to them in selecting particular leisure activities: feeling satisfied, cooperation with other people, and significantly affecting the lives and well being of others.…”