The proteome of gastric lymph in normal and nematode infected sheep

Abstract

Lymph node cannulation allows the collection of lymph draining from a defined anatomical region. Proteomic analysis of that lymph offers a potentially valuable insight into the immunoinflammatory response of that particular region. In this study, ovine gastric lymph has been used to monitor the proteomic changes occurring in the tissue fluid of the abomasum, in response to infection with the parasitic nematode, Teladorsagia circumcincta. Lymph, collected temporally over an experimental infection period, was analysed by means of 2-DE and subsequent gel analysis using densitometry software. In addition, the composition of the lymphatic proteome was further explored by means of MALDI-TOF and MS/MS analyses. The concentration of gelsolin, alpha-1 beta glycoprotein and haemopexin were altered significantly (p<0.05) with infection.

The lymph as a pool of self-antigens

“…In fact, in contrast from what was previously thought, the proteomic between the plasma and the lymph is similar but not overlapping [5]; Proteins that are similarly represented in plasma and lymph result from capillary ultrafiltration; classical examples of which are the major classes of plasma proteins (albumin, α1, α2 and β globulin, immunoglobulins) which are all present in the lymph, albeit at lower concentration than in the plasma. On the other hand proteins uniquely found in the lymph are the one actively secreted or produced by the metabolic/catabolic exchanges of parenchymal cells bathed by the extracellular milieu; these proteins constitute an important source of tissue-specific self-antigen [5, 6, 9–11, 20, 21]. …”

Proteomic analysis of the abomasal mucosal response following infection by the nematode, Haemonchus contortus, in genetically resistant and susceptible sheep

“…Some examples are ATP synthase subunit D (ATP5D), Alpha-enolase (ENO1), Carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2), Calreticulin (CALR), Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1 (UQCRC1), Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 29 (ERP29), Intelectin 2 precursor (ITLN2), and Lysozyme 1 (LYZ1). In another similar study from gastric lymph in normal and T. circumcincta infected sheep [8], we found the following overlap in identified proteins: Alpha-1B-glycoprotein (A1BG), SERPINA1, Apolipoprotein A-IV (APOA4), Gelsolin (GSN) and Tetranectin (CLEC3B). These overlaps suggest that molecules underlying immune response may be highly similar as H. contortus and T. circumcincta are highly related parasitic nematodes (CladeV, Nematoda) and in addition parasitize the same host tissue.…”

“…To date, only a handful of studies have employed proteomic technologies with the majority of them combining 2D PAGE coupled with MALDI-TOF-MS [7][8][9]. For instance, using a combination of 2D-PAGE and MALDI-TOF MS, Athanasiadou et al [7] identified 74 proteins including candidate effector molecules in sheep abomasum following parasite (Teladorsagia circumcincata) challenge.…”

“…For instance, using a combination of 2D-PAGE and MALDI-TOF MS, Athanasiadou et al [7] identified 74 proteins including candidate effector molecules in sheep abomasum following parasite (Teladorsagia circumcincata) challenge. In a similar study, normal and nematode infected sheep were compared for the presence of differentially expressed proteins [8]. In this study, the authors identified a total of 25 proteins in sheep gastric lymph by using a combination of 2-DE and LC-MS.…”

Proteomics in Veterinary Medicine

“…In a further attempt to better define the pathogenesis of this parasite, proteomic analysis of lymphatic drainage obtained from cannulated abomasal lymph nodes identified other proteins, including hemopexin, a1-b glycoprotein, and gelsolin, as being altered after Teladorsagia infection. 47 The involvement of the immune and inflammatory defense mechanisms in Echinococcus granulosus was evidenced after proteomics investigation on hydatid cyst fluid, not only from sheep, but also from cattle and humans. 8 Out of 130 proteins identified from fertile cysts, only one third (n ¼ 48) were of parasite origin, whereas the others (n ¼ 82) were from host origin, clearly demonstrating how E. granulosus can absorb host proteins across its outer germinal layer and deceive the host immune system.…”