The Protective Effects of Spirulina in Cyclophosphamide Induced Nephrotoxicity and Urotoxicity in Rats

Sinanoğlu, Orhun; Yener, Arzu Neşe; Ekici, Sinan; Mıdı, Ahmet; Aksungar, Fehime Benli

doi:10.1016/j.urology.2012.06.053

Cited by 64 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This finding suggests that CSE may be successful in quenching free radicals, thus inhibiting LPO and protecting against membrane damage from oxidative damage in mice. Our results are consistent with those of some studies indicating CP intoxication, significant depletion of the GSH level, and significant increase in the MDA, BUN, and Cr levels, thus corroborating the state of oxidative stress (20,(45)(46)(47).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Protective Effects of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Capparis spinosa L. Against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Mice

Kalantar

Goudarzi

Khodayar

et al. 2016

Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod

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Background: Cyclophosphamide (CP) is one of the most popular alkylating anticancer drugs despite its toxic side effects, including nephrotoxicity, hematotoxicity, mutagenicity, and immunotoxicity. Capparis spinosa is a multipurpose plant that contains a number of chemically active and diverse secondary metabolites, particularly flavonoids. Rutin and quercetin are two major flavonoids in the caper plant. Objectives: This study was undertaken to investigate the protective effect of Capparis spinosa L. extract on nephrotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide in mice. Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Swiss albino mice (20 -25 g) were randomly divided into five groups with each group consisting of eight mice. Mice were pretreated with C. spinosa extract (CSE) orally in doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg for five consecutive days, and CP (200 mg/kg, ip) was administrated on the fifth day 1 hour after the last dose of extract. The animals were sacrificed on the sixth day. Blood samples were collected to determine the serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. The malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were assayed in kidney tissue. The right kidney was maintained in 10% formalin for hematoxylin and eosin staining and histological examination. Results: Different plant parts (fruit, leaves, and petals) were examined for antioxidant activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay, and leaf extract was used to determine nephroprotective effects. Results showed a significant increase in the levels of MDA, Cr, and BUN and a reduction of GSH by CP administration. Pre-treatment with CSE decreased the levels of MDA, Cr, and BUN. GSH increased in all doses, but the most significant alteration was observed in the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg (P < 0.05). The nephroprotective effect of the CSE was confirmed by the histological examination of the kidneys. Conclusions: Our results indicate that CSE ameliorates biochemical indices and oxidative stress parameters against CP-induced nephrotoxicity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Protective Effects of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Capparis spinosa L. Against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Mice

Kalantar

Goudarzi

Khodayar

et al. 2016

Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod

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“…Pretreatment with LOE restored the MDA level, suggesting that LOE might be successful in quenching free radicals, thus inhibiting LPO and protecting against membrane damage from oxidative damage in mice. Our results were parallel to some studies which indicated, the after CP intoxication, significant depletion of the GSH level and also significant increases in MDA, BUN and Cr was evidenced, corroborating the state of oxidative stress (39)(40)(41)(42). The human body is equipped with possesses defense systems against free-radical damage like the nonenzymatic antioxidants such as reduced GSH (41) and endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as GPx, SOD and CAT (43).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Ameliorative effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Lavandula officinalis L. on cyclophosphamide-induced nephrotoxicity in mice

Sadeghi¹,

Kalantar²,

Molavinia³

et al. 2017

J Nephropathol

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Background: Cyclophosphamide (CP) is amongst the most effective alkylating anticancer drugs which regardless of its harmful side effects including nephrotoxicity, hematotoxicity, mutagenicity and also immunotoxicity, commonly raised for the treatment of a number of cancers and autoimmune ailments. Objectives: This study was undertaken to investigate the ameliorative effect of Lavandula officinalis L extract (LOE) in nephrotoxicity induced by CP in mice. Materials and Methods:In this experimental study, 35 male Swiss albino mice (20-25 g) were randomly divided into 5 groups, each group consist of 7 mice. Mice were pretreated with LOE orally in doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days and CP (200 mg/kg, ip) was administrated on the fifth day 1 hour after the last dose of extract. Then on the sixth day, animals were sacrificed. Blood samples were collected to determine serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were assayed in kidney tissue. The kidney was maintained in formalin for histological examination. Results: Results showed a significant increase in the levels of MDA, Cr and BUN, and decrease of GSH, CAT and SOD by CP administration. Pre-treatment with LOE showed reduction in the levels of MDA, Cr and BUN and increase of GSH, CAT and SOD in all doses but the most significant alteration was observed at doses of 200 and 400 mg/ kg (P < 0.05). Additionally the nephroprotective effect of the LOE was established by the histological examination of the kidneys. Conclusions: Our results indicated that LOE has produced amelioration in biochemical indices and oxidative stress parameters against CP-induced nephrotoxicity.

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“…This drug and its metabolites can cause nephrotoxicity with glomerular and tubular dysfunction. (8) The study models in vivo have demonstrated that during the administration of cyclophosphamide there was decrease of the antioxidants reserve in the plasma and the renal tissue of animals. (8,9) The anatomical and functional characteristics of the kidney favor the incidence of acute kidney injury of nephrotoxic origin because 25% of cardiac output are directed to the organ and the high renal blood flow favors the high concentration of toxic substances and its metabolites in tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(8) The study models in vivo have demonstrated that during the administration of cyclophosphamide there was decrease of the antioxidants reserve in the plasma and the renal tissue of animals. (8,9) The anatomical and functional characteristics of the kidney favor the incidence of acute kidney injury of nephrotoxic origin because 25% of cardiac output are directed to the organ and the high renal blood flow favors the high concentration of toxic substances and its metabolites in tissue. In addition, the cells of the proximal tubule and the loop of Henle are more sensitive to damage induced by nephrotoxic substances due to their location in a hypoxic environment of the outer portion of the renal medulla, and these cells require high concentrations of energy for the active transport of solutes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renoprotective effect of the Echinodorus macrophyllus in induced renal injury

Nascimento¹,

Watanabe²,

Fonseca³

et al. 2014

Acta paul. enferm.

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Objective: Evaluating the renoprotective effect of Echinodorus macrophyllus in acute kidney injury induced by cyclophosphamide in rats. Methods: Experimental research with Wistar rats, male adults, distributed into groups, namely: Controladministration of 1.5 ml sodium chloride 0.9% intraperitoneally; Echinodorous -administration of 2g/kg of Echinodorus macrophyllus by gavage for five days; Cyclophosphamide -administration of cyclophosphamide 150mg/kg intraperitoneally; and Cyclosphosphamide + Echinodorus -administration of Echinodorus macrophyllus and cyclophosphamide. Renal function (creatinine clearance) and the oxidative metabolites (peroxides and urinary substances reactive to thiobarbituric acid, thiols in kidney tissue) were evaluated. Results: Preconditioning with Echinodorus macrophyllus elevated the creatinine clearance and reduced the levels of oxidative metabolites. Conclusion: The antioxidant action of Echinodorus macrophyllus has demonstrated renoprotective effects evidenced by the reduction of oxidative stress in acute renal injury induced by cyclophosphamide in rats. ResumoObjetivo: Avaliar o efeito renoprotetor do Echinodorus macrophyllus na lesão renal aguda induzida pela ciclofosfamida em ratos. Métodos: Pesquisa experimental com ratos Wistar, machos e adultos que foram distribuídos nos grupos: Controle -administração de 1,5 ml de cloreto de sódio a 0,9,% por via intraperitoneal, Echinodorousadministração de 2g/kg de Echinodorus macrophyllus por gavagem durante cinco dias, Ciclofosfamida -administração de ciclofosfamida 150mg/kg por via intraperitoneal, Ciclosfofamida + Echinodorusadministração de Echinodorus macrophyllus e ciclofosfamida. Foram avaliados a função renal (clearance de creatinina) e os metabólitos oxidativos (peróxidos e substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico urinários, tióis no tecido renal). Resultados: O pré-condicionamento com Echinodorus macrophyllus elevou o clearance de creatinina e reduziu os níveis dos metabólitos oxidativos. Conclusão: A ação antioxidante do Echinodorus macrophyllus demonstrou efeito renoprotetor evidenciado pela redução do estresse oxidativo na lesão renal aguda induzida pela ciclofosfamida em ratos.

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The Protective Effects of Spirulina in Cyclophosphamide Induced Nephrotoxicity and Urotoxicity in Rats

Cited by 64 publications

References 26 publications

Protective Effects of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Capparis spinosa L. Against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Mice

Protective Effects of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Capparis spinosa L. Against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Mice

Ameliorative effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Lavandula officinalis L. on cyclophosphamide-induced nephrotoxicity in mice

Renoprotective effect of the Echinodorus macrophyllus in induced renal injury

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