The Properties of Water and their Applications for Training

Torres-Ronda, Lorena; Alcázar, Xavi Schelling i del

doi:10.2478/hukin-2014-0129

Cited by 117 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The aquatic environment provides a non-impact medium that produces little strain on muscle, bones, and connective tissue when compared with land activities [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of aquatic and land plyometric training on the vertical jump and delayed onset muscle soreness in brazilian soccer players

Fonseca¹,

Nunes²,

Castro³

et al. 2017

Human Movement

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Purpose. To compare the effects of aquatic and land plyometric training on the vertical jump (VJ) and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in soccer players. Methods. Twenty-four male soccer players aged 16-18 years (16.53 ± 0.5 years) were randomly divided into three groups: aquatic plyometric training (APT) (n = 8; age: 16.4 ± 0.4 years; body mass: 68.3 ± 7.54 kg; height: 179.75 ± 8.13 cm); land plyometric training (LPT) (n = 8; age: 16.5 ± 0.5 years; body mass: 68.2 ± 7.8 kg; height: 177.0 ± 7.4 cm); and control group (n = 8; age: 16.7 ± 0.6 years; body mass: 61.2 ± 6.5 kg; height: 171.43 ± 5.75 cm), not performing any jump program. An identical training program was applied for 6 weeks, totalling 944 jumps. The VJ was evaluated on a leap jump platform and the Visual Analogue Scale measured the change in DOMS perception.Results. There was a significant increase in the VJ height in both experimental groups (LPT and APT) (p < 0.05). A significant reduction in DOMS perception was verified for the APT group in comparison with the LPT group (p < 0.05) between the first and last week of training. The foot contact time significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the APT group from pre-to posttest. Significant improvements (p < 0.05) were observed in the flight time and jump speed from pre-to post-test in both LPT and APT groups. Conclusions. APT can increase the VJ height and reduce DOMS perception in soccer players.

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“…The aquatic environment provides a non-impact medium that produces little strain on muscle, bones, and connective tissue when compared with land activities [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of aquatic and land plyometric training on the vertical jump and delayed onset muscle soreness in brazilian soccer players

Fonseca¹,

Nunes²,

Castro³

et al. 2017

Human Movement

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“…Surface buoyancy, balance and relaxation (task 1) are indices of comfort and efficiency (Torres-Ronda and Del Alcazar 2014) and are related to a human's adaptability to water. Similarly, controlling inspiration and expiration in and out of the water (task 2) reflect the level of breathing control and provides evidence of relaxation for activities under water since face immersion has been shown to activate the diving reflex and induce bradycardia (Pendergast, Moon et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing and testing an instrument to assess aquaticity in humans

Varveri

Flouris

Smirnios

et al. 2016

Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies

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We developed and validated an aquaticity assessment test (AAT) for the evaluation of human physical adequacy in the water. Forty-six volunteers (25M/21F; 20±8 years,) participated and performed 10 easy-to-administer and practical aquatic tasks. Group A was formed by 36 elite athletes (M/F 20/16, 24.7±10yrs) from two sports categories depending on their affinity to the water environment: terrestrial (wrestling, cycling, dancing) and aquatic (swimming, synchronized swimming, free diving) sports. Group B was formed by 10 non-athlete participants (5M/5F, 14.4±1.4yrs) and was assessed by two independent evaluators. Participants in Group A performed the aquatic tasks once to develop the final AAT items and cutoffs. Participants in Group B performed the aquatic tasks twice on different days to assess repeatability. Factor analysis recommended all 10 aquatic tasks to be included in the final AAT, resulting in scores ranging from 9.5-49.5. The AAT scores were statistically different between the terrestrial and the aquatic sports' participants (p<0.001). The duration of the test was 25 minutes from the time of water entry. Receiver operating characteristics curve analyses demonstrated that the cutoffs for low and high aquaticity levels in this sample were ≤23.7 and ≥43.3, respectively. Reliability analyses demonstrated that the aquaticity scores obtained on different days and by different examiners highly correlated (p<0.001) and were not significantly different (p>0.05). The AAT appears to be a valid and reliable tool for the evaluation of human physical adequacy in the water. It is an easy and user-friendly test which can be performed in any swimming pool without a need for highly trained staff and specialized equipment, however more research needs to be done in order to be applied in other population group.4

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“…Water's physical properties (1,2) are, at the same time, destabilizing and facilitating factors to the maintenance of balance when an individual is immersed in water. Buoyancy and hydrostatic pressure, two physical principles of water, serve as basis for intervention strategies, whereas the water´s movement may also promote independence or reduce reaction time in balance performance (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional reach and lateral reach tests adapted for aquatic physical therapy

et al. 2017

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Introduction: Functional reach (FR) and lateral reach (LR) tests are widely used in scientific research and clinical practice. Assessment tools are useful in assessing subjects with greater accuracy and are usually adapted according to the limitations of each condition. Objective: To adapt FR and LR tests for use in an aquatic environment and assess the performance of healthy young adults. Methods: We collected anthropometric data and information on whether the participant exercised regularly or not. The FR and LR tests were adapted for use in an aquatic environment and administered to 47 healthy subjects aged 20-30 years. Each test was repeated three times. Results: Forty-one females and six males were assessed. The mean FR test score for men was 24.06 cm, whereas the mean value for right lateral reach (RLR) was 10.94 cm and for left lateral reach (LLR) was 9.78 cm. For females, the mean FR score was 17.57 cm, while the mean values for RLR was 8.84cm and for LLR was 7.76 cm. Men performed better in the FR (p < 0.001) and RLR tests than women (p = 0.037). Individuals who exercised regularly showed no differences in performance level when compared with their counterparts. Conclusion: The FR and LR tests were adapted for use in an aquatic

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The Properties of Water and their Applications for Training

Cited by 117 publications

References 57 publications

The effect of aquatic and land plyometric training on the vertical jump and delayed onset muscle soreness in brazilian soccer players

The effect of aquatic and land plyometric training on the vertical jump and delayed onset muscle soreness in brazilian soccer players

Developing and testing an instrument to assess aquaticity in humans

Functional reach and lateral reach tests adapted for aquatic physical therapy

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