The Progress of T Cell Immunity Related to Prognosis in Gastric Cancer

Abstract

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common malignancy all over the world, and the factors that can affect progress and prognosis of the gastric cancer patients are various, such as TNM stages, invasive depth, and lymph node metastasis ratio. T cell immunity is important component of human immunity system and immunity responding to tumor and dysfunction or imbalance of T cell immunity will lead to serious outcomes for body. T cell immunity includes many different types of cells, CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, memory cell, and so on, and each of them has special function on antitumor response or tumor immune escape which is revealed in lung cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and so on. But its correlation with gastric cancer is not clear. Our review was preformed to explore the relationship between the progress and prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) and T cell immunity. According to recent researches, T cell immunity may have an important role in the progress and prognosis of GCs, but its function is affected by location, category, related molecule, and interaction between the cells, and some effects still are controversial. More researches are needed to clarify this correlation.

Oxidative Stress and Apoptotic Changes in Broiler Chicken Splenocytes Exposed to T-2 Toxin

“…The T cells CD4+ and CD8+ are important components of the acquired immune system. CD4+ cells, also known as helper T cells, influence the secretion of antibodies by B cells and regulate immune responses of other T cells, whereas CD8+ cells are major cytotoxic effector cells [28, 29]. Changes in the abundances or ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T cells are reflective of the condition of the immune system whereby a high CD4+/CD8+ ratio indicates hyperactive cellular immune system and the inverse is related to immunosuppression [30].…”

Crosstalk Between Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Gastric Cancer

“…Gastric cancer is the fourth most commonly diagnosed malignant tumor worldwide and considered as the third leading cause of cancer-related death, following lung and liver cancer ( 1 ). Despite a drop in the mortality rate due to the advancements of pathological diagnostic programs and therapeutic approaches, gastric cancer remains a prevalent disease with poor prognosis ( 2 , 3 ). Therefore, continuous attempts are urgently needed to discover new and effective targets for the clinical therapy of gastric cancer.…”

Development and validation of a hypoxia-immune-based microenvironment gene signature for risk stratification in gastric cancer

“…The immune and hypoxia microenvironment plays a critical role in the tumorigenesis and progression of gastric cancer [10,11,[13][14][15]25]. On one hand, the immune incapability in the tumor microenvironment has been reported as an essential mechanism for solid cancers to evade from host immunity [13,15,[25][26][27]. It was found that higher expression of immune-related gene predicts better prognosis in both EBV-positive and EBV-negative gastric cancer patients [25].…”

“…Hypoxia has been reported as one of characteristic hallmarks of solid tumors that directly contribute to the malignant properties of cancers, including tumor progression, invasion and metastasis [9][10][11][12]. Meanwhile, immune cell is also a potentially powerful force that can prevent or slow tumor growth, which is associated with tumor invasion and metastasis [13][14][15]. Interestingly, increasing evidences have found that the direct or indirect interaction between hypoxia and immune status in gastric cancer microenvironment [16,17], although their underlying mechanisms remains unclear.…”