The Problem of Epistemology [1936]

Fleck, Ludwik

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-4498-5_5

Cited by 37 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, Fleck's implicit sociological model is that exoteric circles are important only passively, in the sense that they confirm the facticity of expert knowledge by acting more or less as the passive cultural medium in which esoteric knowledge is confirmed almost through force of repetition -and by repetition in more certain forms than would normally be the case within esoteric communities themselves (Fleck 1936). The present analysis, by demonstrating the potential of lay persons' practical experience and 'insider' knowledge as an active shaping force in medical fact-building, indicates that Fleck ignores the much more participatory and informed role which lay social groups can play.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expert and lay participation in the construction of medical knowledge

Arksey

1994

Sociology Health & Illness

115

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This paper examines the explanatory value of Fleck's conceptual analysis with regard to the development of medical knowledge. The discussion is illustrated by empirical data gathered as part of an on-going study into Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI), a condition currently disputed within medical circles. Whilst there is empirical substantiation for some of Fleck's beliefs, the findings suggest his notion that general practitioners are educated and patients uneducated is too simplistic; in particular circumstances these attributes may be reversed. Furthermore, there is little evidence to show that ideas are circulated and exchanged between specialists, GPs and a lay audience; according to this revised view, medical knowledge is determined by experts alone. By invoking an extended version of Collins' notion of the 'core-set', the paper considers how seemingly marginal actors can exploit their technical competence and thus play an influential role in medical debate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expert and lay participation in the construction of medical knowledge

Arksey

1994

Sociology Health & Illness

115

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“…Citing the example of the disease syphilis, [8] advances the idea that medical knowledge is the outcome of a collective process of interaction and communication amongst distinct thought 'collectives'. A key implication of this perspective is that medical knowledge is not 'discovered' by technical experts and then disseminated to a wider public.…”

Section: Collective Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

Developing Effective Crowdsourcing Systems for Medical Diagnosis: Challenges and Recommendations

Sen

Ghosh

2017

Proceedings of the 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2017)

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“…Thus with respect to reproducibility these procedures fall into the level of formal/ technological and normative reproducibility. However, the improvements in procedures and reproducibility described have resulted in a reduction of thought styles according to Ludwik Fleck (1936Fleck ( , 1979. 5.4.…”

Section: Quality Control By Internal or External Peer Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How much reproducibility do we need in human and veterinary pathology?

Pospischil

Folkers

2015

Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology

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In diagnostic and research reports as well as text-books of human and veterinary pathology repeatability, reproducibility, inter-and intra-observer variation are mentioned rarely as a problem in preparing diagnosis from macroscopic and/or microscopic samples and discussed inconsistently. However, optimal care and restoration of health for a patient are dependent on reliability of diagnosis, therapy, prognosis and prophylaxis. This requires for all tests and procedures a maximal repeatability and reproducibility, a sensitivity and specificity of 85-95% for procedures and methodologies and a comparison of results procedures and methodologies to a gold standard. Looking at the various steps on the road to diagnosis in pathology this is influenced by a series of laboratory steps preparing tissue samples but most importantly reproducibility depends on the handling of visual information in the central nervous system of the individual diagnostician. Thus reproducibility in this context has to be divided into at least three levels: individual (epistemological, organoleptic, inter-and intra-observer variation, and formal/technological-and normative reproducibility). The aim of the present manuscript is to stimulate the reflection among the pathology experts on this most important topic. Keywords: Reproducibility-, repeatability of diagnosis, inter-and intraobserver variation, AbstractIn pathology agreement (reproducibility) in making macroscopical and histopathological diagnosis is vital for therapy and prognosis of a patient. This, to the same extent is applicable to human and veterinary medicine. Pathology and other disciplines relying heavily on visual interpretation e.g. radiology are fields of medicine with the lowest diagnostic error rate reproducibility of diagnosis. However, in pathology this not only dependent on the handling of visual information in the central nervous system of the diagnostician and individual interand intra-observer variation but is influenced by a series of laboratory steps in the preparation of histopathological slides. Reproducibility thus has to be divided into at least three levels:Individual (epistemiological, organoleptic, inter-and intra-observer variation, and formal /technological-and normative reproducibility.

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The Problem of Epistemology [1936]

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Expert and lay participation in the construction of medical knowledge

Expert and lay participation in the construction of medical knowledge

Developing Effective Crowdsourcing Systems for Medical Diagnosis: Challenges and Recommendations

How much reproducibility do we need in human and veterinary pathology?

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