The Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency and Associated Factors in Pregnant Women Receiving Prenatal Care at a Reference Maternity Hospital in Northeastern Brazil

Maia, Sabina Bastos; Caminha, Maria de Fátima Costa; Silva, Suzana Lins da; Souza, Alex Sandro Rolland; Santos, Camila Carvalho dos; Filho, Malaquias Batista

doi:10.3390/nu10091271

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Previous publications reporting a prevalence of 5.2% [59] and 6.2% [81] for serum retinol levels below 0.70 µmol/L may suggest that VAD in pregnant women could finally be close to coming within epidemiological control. Although this is a promising prospect, in view of its importance in decision-making with regard to the readjustment of policies and management of programs on the issue, it should be re-evaluated in new assessments conducted in accordance with WHO and BRINDA recommendations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Serum retinol had no statistically significant effect on the infectious process evaluated by CRP; therefore, it was impossible to adjust for inflammation. In view of these findings, further studies should be conducted to evaluate inflammatory markers in accordance with the recommendations of the WHO and of BRINDA [81].…”

Section: Vitamin a Deficiency During Pregnancy: Epidemiological Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin A and Pregnancy: A Narrative Review

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Vitamin A is a crucial micronutrient for pregnant women and their fetuses. In addition to being essential for morphological and functional development and for ocular integrity, vitamin A exerts systemic effects on several fetal organs and on the fetal skeleton. Vitamin A requirements during pregnancy are therefore greater. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) remains the leading cause of preventable blindness in the world. VAD in pregnant women is a public health issue in most developing countries. In contrast, in some developed countries, excessive vitamin A intake during pregnancy can be a concern since, when in excess, this micronutrient may exert teratogenic effects in the first 60 days following conception. Routine prenatal vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality is not recommended; however, in regions where VAD is a public health issue, vitamin A supplementation is recommended to prevent night blindness. Given the importance of this topic and the lack of a complete, up-to-date review on vitamin A and pregnancy, an extensive review of the literature was conducted to identify conflicting or incomplete data on the topic as well as any gaps in existing data.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Vitamin a Deficiency During Pregnancy: Epidemiological Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin A and Pregnancy: A Narrative Review

et al. 2019

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“…In a study from rural Nepal, a positive effect on pulmonary function was observed in the offspring at the age of 9–13 years, in those whose mothers received supplements with preformed vitamin A during pregnancy. In children whose mothers were supplemented with beta-carotene, no beneficial effects on pulmonary function were observed [51, 52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal serum retinol, 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D concentrations during pregnancy and peak bone mass and trabecular bone score in adult offspring at 26-year follow-up

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BackgroundVitamin A and D deficiency is prevalent in pregnant women worldwide. Both vitamins are involved in fetal skeletal development. A positive association between maternal vitamin D levels and offspring bone mineral density (BMD) at adulthood has been observed. The impact of maternal vitamin A status in pregnancy on offspring peak bone mass remains unclear.Method and findingsForty-one mother-child pairs were recruited from a population-based prospective cohort study in Trondheim, Norway, where pregnant women were followed from gestational week 17. Their term-born infants were followed from birth (1986–88). Regression analyses were performed for vitamin A (retinol), 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] in maternal serum (gestational weeks 17, 33, 37) and cord blood. Offspring BMD and spine trabecular bone score (TBS), a measure of bone quality, were analyzed by dual x-ray absorptiometry at 26 years. Average levels during pregnancy of retinol, 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D were 1.66 (0.32) μmol/L, 59.0 (20.6) nmol/L, and 251.3 (62.4) pmol/L, respectively. 1,25(OH)2D levels were similar in those with 25(OH)D levels <30 and >75 nmol/L. After adjustment for maternal age, BMI, smoking, and education, and offspring birth weight, maternal serum retinol was positively associated with offspring spine BMD [mean change 30.8 (CI 7.6, 54.0) mg/cm2 per 0.2 μmol/L retinol], and with offspring TBS, although non-significant (p = 0.08). No associations were found between maternal 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D levels and offspring bone parameters. Vitamin levels in cord blood were not associated with offspring BMD or TBS.ConclusionsThis is the first study to show an association between maternal vitamin A status and offspring peak bone mass. Our findings may imply increase future risk for osteoporotic fracture in offspring of mothers with suboptimal vitamin A level. No associations were observed between 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D and offspring BMD.

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“…[7] Agne and al [8], found a prevalence of 15.2% among children aged 6-23 months. This prevalence was 6.2% in pregnant women (serum retinol level <35 μg / dl or <0.7 μmol / L) [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Serum Vitamin A Content among Malnourished and Healthy Children in Kisangani City, DRC

Mukunda

Solomo

Moleka

et al. 2019

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Summary: Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient needed by the body for various physiological functions. Its deficiency is associated with several functional disorders. The objective of this study is to determine blood vitamin A levels in malnourished and healthy children. Methods: It is a cross-sectional analytical study, consisting of determining the vitamin A content in the blood of children suffering from malnutrition and those in good nutritional status. Our sampling was casual and 59 children aged 6 to 59 months were retained. Among them 30 healthy children chosen from those attending preschool consultation at U HC and 29 malnourished children from those followed at M TNU for the management of malnutrition. The serum vitamin A assay was performed according to the method described by Tietz. Children with serum vitamin A level below 30 μg / 100 ml had vitamin A deficiency and those with a serum level greater than or equal to 30 μg / 100 ml had good vitamin A status. Percent, average and standard deviation calculations were performed. The Chi square statistical test was used to compare serum vitamin A content in healthy and malnourished children, as well as other maternal parameters for a significance level of 0.05. Results: from 59 children examined, 30 or 50.8% were 6-17 months old, the average age was 21.9 ± 13 months. 45.7% had a serum retinol level between 50-59 μg/100 ml; the average value was 46.84 μg ± 14.27. The prevalence of VAD was 20.3% and this deficit was more marked in children aged 6-17 months that is 50% (P<0.014). Among 12 children with VAD, 10 or 83.3% were the wealthy and two were the malnourished, the difference was statically significant (P< 0.011). Conclusion: Vitamin A deficiency remains a major health problem in the DRC. This affect all children regardless of their current nutritional status. Supplementation with this vitamin remains one of the palliative solutions.

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The Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency and Associated Factors in Pregnant Women Receiving Prenatal Care at a Reference Maternity Hospital in Northeastern Brazil

Cited by 21 publications

References 44 publications

Vitamin A and Pregnancy: A Narrative Review

Vitamin A and Pregnancy: A Narrative Review

Maternal serum retinol, 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D concentrations during pregnancy and peak bone mass and trabecular bone score in adult offspring at 26-year follow-up

Serum Vitamin A Content among Malnourished and Healthy Children in Kisangani City, DRC

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