The Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in an Adolescent Inpatient Unit

Koltek, Mark; Wilkes, T. Christopher; Atkinson, Mark J.

doi:10.1177/070674379804300107

Cited by 55 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Quite frequently, patients avoid stimuli associated with the traumatic event, associated with the compromise of their daily activities. 36,37 Patients avoid talking about the event, which seemingly worsens the symptoms, as often occurs in all anxiety disorders. Younger children have difficulty understanding the event clearly and talking about it.…”

Section: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (Ptsd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PTSD is regarded as a risk factor for the later development of psychiatric diseases. 36,37 PTSD is the intense fear, feeling of powerlessness or horror due to the exposure to an extreme trauma, such as life threat or sexual assault. The probability of developing PTSD is reliant on the severity, length, and time of exposure of the individual to the traumatic event.…”

Section: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (Ptsd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transtornos ansiosos na infância e adolescência: aspectos clínicos e neurobiológicos

Asbahr

2004

J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)

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Objective: This article reviews the clinical and epidemiological aspects of anxiety disorders in youngsters, as well as current medical and psychological treatment strategies. The role of the neurobiological models possibly involved in the etiology of these disorders is also discussed.Sources of data: MEDLINE search of papers published in English from 1981 to 2003. The following key words were used: anxiety disorders, neurobiology, childhood, adolescence.Summary of the findings: Childhood-onset anxiety disorders are among the most frequent psychiatric conditions in children and adolescents. Epidemiological data estimate a prevalence of 10% in this population. The neurobiological models involved in the etiology of anxiety disorders in youngsters are closely related to neuroimaging studies with individuals presenting these pathologies. The role of the amygdala in the pathophysiology of these disorders is underscored. To be effective, treatment must combine several interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral, family, and, frequently, drug treatments.Conclusions: Early identification and prompt treatment of anxiety disorders may prevent negative consequences, such as school absenteeism and frequent and unnecessary visits to pediatric services due to somatic complaints related to anxiety disorders. Moreover, it is possible that psychiatric problems could be avoided or attenuated in adulthood.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2004;80(2 Suppl):S28-S34: Anxiety disorders, childhood, adolescence, neurobiology, psychopharmacology, cognitive-behavioral therapy.

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Section: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (Ptsd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (Ptsd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transtornos ansiosos na infância e adolescência: aspectos clínicos e neurobiológicos

Asbahr

2004

J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)

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“…Researchers have also consistently reported that PTSD is associated with various psychiatric conditions (10). Axis I disorders that are frequently comorbid with PTSD include depression (11,12), anxiety disorders (13,14), substance use disorders (15), and eating and somatization disorders (16). Comorbid Axis II disorders, including borderline personality disorder, have also been noted (17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adolescents with Conduct Disorder: Sex Differences and Onset Patterns

et al. 2000

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Objective: To examine sex differences in the rate andsymptoms ofposttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), trauma exposure, and onset patterns in youth with conduct disorder (CD).Method: Youth admitted to a clinicalfacility for severe behaviour problems completed the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents -Revised (DICA-R) . Studies demonstrate elevated rates of PTSD in delinquent adolescents and young adults, presumably because exposure to trauma potentiates both delinquent behaviour and PTSD. For example, in a study of incarcerated male juvenile offenders, Steiner and others found that over one-half of the participants fulfilled partial (20%) or full (32%) criteria for PTSD (1). They noted that these rates far exceeded those found in a nonclinical adolescent comparison group. Male juvenile offenders most frequently reported traumatic events involving interfamilial violence (for example, abuse, murder, or serious injury) and exposure to community violence (gang-related activities). In a subsequent study, Cauffman and others found that approximately two-thirds of the incarcerated female juvenile offenders they studied met partial (12%) or full (49%) criteria for PTSD (2). These rates were significantly higher than those noted for comparable male juvenile offenders. Further, compared with male offenders, female offenders more frequently reported being victims ofviolent acts (51%; 15% for males) rather than witnesses to such acts (17%; 48% for males).Although delinquency and conduct disorder (CD) are not interchangeable terms, it is generally agreed that there is substantial overlap. Both CD and PTSD show strong associations with other psychiatric conditions. Although research shows that CD can occur in isolation, it occurs most frequently in conjunction with Axis I disorders, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders (3-8), and Axis II personality disorders (9). Researchers have also consistently reported that PTSD is associated with various psychiatric conditions (10). Axis I disorders that are frequently comorbid with PTSD include depression (11,12), anxiety disorders (13,14), substance use disorders (15), and eating and somatization disorders (16). Comorbid Axis II disorders, including borderline personality disorder, have also been noted (17). Since CD and PTSD each carry a high level ofcomorbidity on both Axis I and Axis II, the association between them poses a challenge for researchers and clinicians.Sex differences in the clinical presentation of PTSD and CD further complicate efforts to understand comorbidity between these disorders. Well-established is the sex difference in the prevalence of CD-while it is predominantly a male disorder (4,18), it is the second most prevalent psychiatric

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“…4,8 The rates of respiratory illness are also higher than expected among some psychiatric patient populations, compared to the general population. 9,10 As data from clinical settings are limited in their generalizability to the community since effect sizes may be skewed by selection into treatment bias, it is important to also examine this relationship using community-based data. Epidemiologic studies 11,12 in adults have shown that panic disorder co-occurs with asthma more frequently than would be expected by chance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Disease and Panic Attacks Among Adults in the United States

Goodwin

Pine

2002

Chest

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Objective: To determine the association between respiratory disease and panic attacks among adults in the US population. Method: Data were drawn from the Midlife Development in the United States Survey (n ‫؍‬ 3,032), a representative sample of adults aged 25 to 74 years. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between self-reported respiratory and other lung disease and panic attacks, major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and alcohol/substance use disorders. Results: After adjusting for demographic characteristics, comorbid mental disorders, and comorbid physical disorders, self-reported respiratory disease (ie, asthma, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema) was associated with a significantly increased likelihood of panic attacks (odds ratio, 1.7; confidence interval, 1.2 to 2.4). Other self-reported lung disease was also associated with a significantly increased odds of panic attacks (odds ratio, 2.3; confidence interval, 1.2 to 4.2), and having both self-reported respiratory disease and another lung disease was associated with increased likelihood of panic attacks (odds ratio, 4.1; confidence interval, 1.7, 9.9). These associations also persisted after adjusting for demographic characteristics, comorbid mental disorders, and physical comorbidity. Conclusion: These findings are consistent with and extend previous clinical and epidemiologic data by showing a specific association between self-reported respiratory disease and panic attacks among adults. Future studies that investigate the relationship between respiratory disease and panic attacks, and other mental disorders, using prospectively collected data on respiratory functioning, may help to improve our understanding of the mechanism of this association.(CHEST 2002; 122:645-650)

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The Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in an Adolescent Inpatient Unit

Abstract: PTSD occurs frequently in adolescent inpatients and is commonly comorbid with other diagnostic presentations. These findings may affect the management of PTSD and prognosis for this population.

Cited by 55 publications

References 15 publications

Transtornos ansiosos na infância e adolescência: aspectos clínicos e neurobiológicos

Transtornos ansiosos na infância e adolescência: aspectos clínicos e neurobiológicos

Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adolescents with Conduct Disorder: Sex Differences and Onset Patterns

Respiratory Disease and Panic Attacks Among Adults in the United States

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