Transtornos ansiosos na infância e adolescência: aspectos clínicos e neurobiológicos

Abstract

Objective: This article reviews the clinical and epidemiological aspects of anxiety disorders in youngsters, as well as current medical and psychological treatment strategies. The role of the neurobiological models possibly involved in the etiology of these disorders is also discussed.Sources of data: MEDLINE search of papers published in English from 1981 to 2003. The following key words were used: anxiety disorders, neurobiology, childhood, adolescence.Summary of the findings: Childhood-onset anxiety disorders are among the most frequent psychiatric conditions in children and adolescents. Epidemiological data estimate a prevalence of 10% in this population. The neurobiological models involved in the etiology of anxiety disorders in youngsters are closely related to neuroimaging studies with individuals presenting these pathologies. The role of the amygdala in the pathophysiology of these disorders is underscored. To be effective, treatment must combine several interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral, family, and, frequently, drug treatments.Conclusions: Early identification and prompt treatment of anxiety disorders may prevent negative consequences, such as school absenteeism and frequent and unnecessary visits to pediatric services due to somatic complaints related to anxiety disorders. Moreover, it is possible that psychiatric problems could be avoided or attenuated in adulthood.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2004;80(2 Suppl):S28-S34: Anxiety disorders, childhood, adolescence, neurobiology, psychopharmacology, cognitive-behavioral therapy.

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“…No que diz respeito aos sintomas de ansiedade, estima-se que quase 10% de todas as crianças e adolescentes preencherão critérios diagnósticos, em algum momento, para algum transtorno ansioso 19 . Os dados levantados no presente estudo são equivalentes a esses dados, demonstrando uma prevalência de 9,6% de transtornos de ansiedade em crianças.…”

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“…Pahl and Barrett (2010), found a significant decrease (p = 0.06). It can be said that the evaluation of inhibition of behaviors such as shyness and withdrawal is an important measure to evaluate in preschoolers, since it is often the behavior that parents recognize with greater ease in children, especially since this behavior is is a risk factor for the development of an anxiety disorder in childhood or later in adult life, especially Social Phobia (ASBAHR, 2004).…”