The prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in horses in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, northwestern China

Wang, Jin‐Lei; Zhou, Dong‐Hui; Chen, Jia; Liu, Guang-Xue; Pu, Wen-Bing; Liu, Tingyu; Qin, Siyuan; Yin, Ming-Yang; Zhu, Xing‐Quan

doi:10.1590/s1984-29612015050

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It also suggests that female horses are more sensitive to the infection by the parasite than male and gelding, which is the same result that reported in a previous study in Egypt [36]. Similar results were observed in Spain [32], North West Algeria [21], and Xinjiang, Northwestern China [37], but in contrast to our work, their difference was not shown to be statistically significant.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Seroepidemiological study of the exposure to Toxoplasma gondii among horses in Algeria and analysis of risk factors

et al. 2019

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Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of the Toxoplasma gondii in horses in different parts of Algeria and to determine risk factors for the infection. Materials and Methods: A total of 736 blood samples were collected from horses of various breeds, gender, coat colors, and ages. All horses came from various farms, racecourses, and equestrian centers. The seroprevalence was investigated by three different methods: Indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) as reference method, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and latex agglutination test (LAT). Results: Out of the 736 sera, 178 (24.18%) were positive for IFAT, 133 (18.07%) for LAT, and 317 (43.07%) for ELISA. It was found that IFAT and LAT were in high agreement (Kappa 0.79), indicating that LAT and IFAT had similar capabilities in the detection of anti-T. gondii antibodies from horse sera. Risk factors analysis based on IFAT results indicated that the habit of the animals was significant risk factors (p≤0.05) for Toxoplasma infection. The seroprevalence was significantly higher in horses living on farms. Moreover, a higher seroprevalence was found in older animals compared to younger ones. Furthermore, the seroprevalence in females was significantly higher than that in males and gelding. Breed, coat color, and water sources are also important factors to influence the seroprevalence of T. gondii. Conclusion: The results indicated that T. gondii is present in horses throughout Algeria and thus represents a risk for both human and animal health. These results underline the need to increase the vigilance and the preventive measures against this disease not only to protect the horses but also to limit the spread of the parasite.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Seroepidemiological study of the exposure to Toxoplasma gondii among horses in Algeria and analysis of risk factors

et al. 2019

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“…gondii is a ubiquitous apicomplexan parasite in warmblooded animals and humans (Blader et al 2015). A previous study reported 23.7% seroprevalence of T. gondii in food animals (sheep, goats, swine, chickens, and cattle) (Dong et al 2018), and 20.5% seroprevalence was determined in horse in Xinjiang (Wang et al 2015, Xing et al 2018. The seroprevalence in red deer measured in this study was relatively lower than reported for horse, indicating both species can be hosts of T. gondii and should be monitored.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 45%

Seroprevalence of Five Zoonotic Pathogens in Wild Ruminants in Xinjiang, Northwest China

Wang

et al. 2020

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Wild ruminants are at risk for zoonotic pathogen infection as a result of interactions with domestic animals and humans. One way to assess the level of a wild ruminant disease in a population is to determine the seroprevalence of the pathogen of interest. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of five zoonotic pathogens in wild ruminants in Xinjiang, Northwest China. In 2009 and 2011-2015, 258 wild ruminant sera samples were collected from various species. Samples were obtained from 30 Siberian ibexes, 94 goitered gazelles, 6 Tibetan antelopes, 32 argali sheep, 16 roe deer, 20 blue sheep, 56 red deer, and 4 wild yaks, in 10 regions of Xinjiang. Samples were tested using antibodies against Brucella spp., Chlamydophila abortus, Coxiella burnetii, Toxoplasma gondii, and West Nile virus. Seropositivity was detected for all five pathogens, with detection rates of Brucella spp., C. abortus, C. burnetii, T. gondii, and West Nile virus of 2.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-4.2%), 6.2% (95% CI, 3.3-9.1%), 7.8% (95% CI, 4.5-11.0%), 2.3% (95% CI, 0.5-4.2%), and 0.8% (95% CI, 0-1.8%), respectively. The level of pathogens differed for different species and different regions. The results indicate that seropositivity to zoonotic pathogens is common among wild ruminants in Xinjiang, Northwest China, with C. burnetii and C. abortus detected at the highest levels. This study provides a baseline for future assessment of spillover events.

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“…Also, it implies that female horses are more susceptible to parasite infection than male and gelding horses, which is consistent with the findings of an earlier study conducted in Egypt [ 38 ]. Similar findings were also found in Spain [ 23 ], northwest Algeria [ 73 ], and Xinjiang, northwestern China [ 74 ], however unlike our study, their difference was not demonstrated to be statistically significant.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…In line with earlier findings, younger horses have a lower seroprevalence, and statistically significant differences occur between age groups [ 50 ]. This result implies that equids contract an infection during their first few years of life and that the exposure remains continuous as they age, thereby explaining the higher prevalence of T. gondii infection in older horses [ 47 , 74 , 75 , 76 ]. By contrast, other research revealed a negative relationship between age and T. gondii infection in horses as well as a high prevalence rate in younger horses, the latter of which may be mostly due to underdeveloped immune systems [ 39 ] or as a result of trans-placental transmission and horizontal infection of T. gondii resulting from the consumption of oocyst-contaminated food or water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Horses

Marzok

Al-Jabr

Salem

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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Background: Toxoplasma gondii is classified as intracellular protozoa and is one of the major zoonotic parasites. Most warm-blooded intermediate hosts, including humans, are commonly infected by this parasite. The epidemiology of T. gondii infection in Egyptian horses is currently poorly understood. Methods: 420 blood samples were randomly collected from horses raised in four governorates in Northern Egypt (110 each from Giza and Kafr El Sheikh, and 100 each from Qalyubia and Gharbia) to investigate the existence of antibodies against T. gondii using a commercial ELISA kit, and to ascertain the risk factors for the infection. Results: the antibodies for T. gondii were found in 16.2% (68/420) of the examined horses, with no significant differences among the four studied governorates. The highest prevalence rate was observed in Giza. The results revealed that sex, breed, age, and contact with domestic ruminants or cats were recognized as potential risk factors. The high prevalence rate was found in mixed breed horses (OR = 2.63, 95% CI: 0.95–7.26), mares (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.31–4.19), and horses aged over 10 years (OR = 2.78, 95% CI: 1.30–3.44). Moreover, the likelihood of seropositivity for T. gondii infection was higher in horses raised in environments with cats (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.13–3.44, p = 0.017) or domestic ruminants (OR = 2.16, 1.21–3.86, p = 0.010). This report confirms that horses in Northern Egypt are exposed to T. gondii and thus raises the possibility that people and other animals could contract the disease. Conclusions: routine examination and management of T. gondii infection in horses in these governorates is advised.

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The prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in horses in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, northwestern China

Cited by 10 publications

References 30 publications

Seroepidemiological study of the exposure to Toxoplasma gondii among horses in Algeria and analysis of risk factors

Seroepidemiological study of the exposure to Toxoplasma gondii among horses in Algeria and analysis of risk factors

Seroprevalence of Five Zoonotic Pathogens in Wild Ruminants in Xinjiang, Northwest China

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Horses

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