The prevalence of and risk factors for pterygium in an urban Malay population: The Singapore Malay Eye Study (SiMES)

Cajucom-Uy, Howard; Tong, Louis; Wong, Tien‐Yin; Tay, Wan Ting; Saw, Seang‐Mei

doi:10.1136/bjo.2008.150847

Cited by 85 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Research by Cajucom-Uy et al 18 in Singapore found that pterygium associated with high systolic blood pressure, the same with study in China by Chen et al 11 which found that hypertension was associated with pterygium. Both of those study, even though were based on population, used standard clinical examination to determine the degree of pterygium and blood pressure.…”

Section: 1118supporting

confidence: 72%

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Pterygium Occurrence in Population above 50 Years Old in Bali

2016

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Background: Pterygium is a common ocular disease with etiology that has not yet well understood. Study on adult populations show the prevalence of pterygium tend to begin at fifth decade of age. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of pterygium and its relation to age, gender, educational level, occupation, hours spent outdoors per day, use of protective equipments, hypertension, and smoking as risk factors of pterygium among population age 50 years and above in Bali. Method: An analytic cross sectional study was conducted among population age 50 years and above in Bali between November to December 2015. The data were collected by interview using questionnaire and examinations. There were 720 subjects involved in this study. Chi square and multivariate analysis using Poisson regression were used for detecting association between risk factors with pterygium. Results: Pterygium was found in 36.4% subjects. Multivariate analysis showed pterygium was significantly related with educational level and occupation (APR 0.858; 95% CI 0.741-0.995 and APR 1.755; 95% CI 1.302-2.366, respectively). Conclusion: Prevalence of pterygium in population aged above 50 years in Bali was 36.4%. Pterygium was significantly associated with educational level and occupation in population aged above 50 years in Bali.

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Section: 1118supporting

confidence: 72%

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Pterygium Occurrence in Population above 50 Years Old in Bali

2016

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“…Although outdoor activities are the common cause for pterygium (Viso et al, 2011;Cajucom et al, 2010), in this study, we found that indoor workers (54%) were more affected by pterygium than outdoor workers (46%). This is probably because a majority of the population in our country works in the kitchen for at least 3 -4 hours a day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Assessment of tear secretion and tear film instability in cases with pterygium and normal subjects

Roka

Shrestha

2013

Nep J Oph

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Introduction: Dry eye is a common disorder affecting a significant percentage of the population. Materials and methods: This study is a prospective, hospital-based, case-controlled study conducted between January 2009 and May 2010. Seventy-six pterygium cases and 152 age-and-sex matched controls presenting to the OPD of Manipal Teaching Hospital were included. The TBUT Schirmer's test and basal tear secretion were estimated in all patients. A TBUT of less than 10 seconds and a Schirmer's test of less than 10 mm were considered abnormal. Results: Pterygium was bilateral in 15 (19.7 % ) and unilateral in 61 (80.3 %) patients. Ninety-two (92.1 %) pterygium patients reported either one or more of the six dry eye symptoms. Redness was the most common (67 %) symptom reported. The mean Schirmer's test I, mean basal secretion and mean TBUT values were 16.19 mm, 10.01 mm and 10.56 seconds in pterygium cases and 20.22 mm,13.25 mm and 26.25 seconds in the control group respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the dry eye results between the pterygium cases and the control group (p value < 0.05). The odds ratio between pterygium and dry eye was 3.28. Dry eye was present in 26 % of the normal patients and in 54 % of the pterygium cases. Conclusion: There is a strong relationship between dry eye and pterygium.

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“…1 The few population-based studies on the prevalence of pinguecula that have been conducted to date show estimate rates 450% in the adult population. [2][3][4] The prevalence of pterygium in this kind of studies shows geographical and ethnic variation ranging from 0.7 to 430%, with higher rates in general in regions where sun radiation is most intense as around the equator [5][6][7][8] or at high altitudes, 9,10 and in darker skin individuals. 6,11 However, although advances have been made in the knowledge of the distribution and associations of pinguecula and pterygium, there are large areas such as Southern Europe where the prevalence of these diseases has not been sufficiently investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Prevalence of pinguecula and pterygium in a general population in Spain

Viso

Gudé

Rodríguez‐Ares

2010

Eye

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Purpose To determine the prevalence of pinguecula and pterygium and to investigate their associations in a general adult population in North-Western Spain. Methods An age-stratified random sample of 1155 subjects Z40 years was selected in O Salnés (Spain). From 937 eligible subjects, 619 (66.1%) participated (mean age (SD): 63.4 (14.5) years, range: 40-96 years, 37.0% males). An interview to collect history of systemic diseases and lifestyle details and a comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation in which pinguecula and pterygium were recorded was carried out. The prevalence of pinguecula and pterygium and their relationship with lifestyle factors and ocular and systemic diseases was investigated. Results The prevalence of pinguecula was 47.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 43.9-51.9). This prevalence increased significantly with aging (P ¼ 0.002) and was higher in men (56.4%; 95% CI: 50.0-62.7) than in women (42.7%; 95% CI: 37.8-47.8) (P ¼ 0.001). The prevalence of pterygium was 5.9% (95% CI: 4.3-7.9). This prevalence also increased significantly with aging (P ¼ 0.005) and was 4.8% (95% CI: 2.6-8.4) in men and 6.5% (95% CI: 4.5-9.3) in women (P ¼ 0.346). After controlling for age and sex, pinguecula was associated with alcohol intake (adjusted odds ratio (OR a ): 3.08; 95% CI: 1.60-5.95), pterygium with fluorescein staining (OR a : 2.64; 95% CI: 1.08-6.46) and both disorders with outer activity (OR a : 2.07; 95% CI: 1.36-3.15 and 2.28; 95% CI: 1.04-4.98, respectively). Conclusions Pinguecula is far more common than pterygium. Alcohol consumption is strongly associated with pinguecula. Fluorescein staining is highly prevalent in subjects with pterygium. Both disorders increase with age and are associated with outer activity.

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The prevalence of and risk factors for pterygium in an urban Malay population: The Singapore Malay Eye Study (SiMES)

Cited by 85 publications

References 25 publications

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Pterygium Occurrence in Population above 50 Years Old in Bali

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Pterygium Occurrence in Population above 50 Years Old in Bali

Assessment of tear secretion and tear film instability in cases with pterygium and normal subjects

Prevalence of pinguecula and pterygium in a general population in Spain

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