Background: Pterygium is a common ocular disease with etiology that has not yet well understood. Study on adult populations show the prevalence of pterygium tend to begin at fifth decade of age. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of pterygium and its relation to age, gender, educational level, occupation, hours spent outdoors per day, use of protective equipments, hypertension, and smoking as risk factors of pterygium among population age 50 years and above in Bali. Method: An analytic cross sectional study was conducted among population age 50 years and above in Bali between November to December 2015. The data were collected by interview using questionnaire and examinations. There were 720 subjects involved in this study. Chi square and multivariate analysis using Poisson regression were used for detecting association between risk factors with pterygium. Results: Pterygium was found in 36.4% subjects. Multivariate analysis showed pterygium was significantly related with educational level and occupation (APR 0.858; 95% CI 0.741-0.995 and APR 1.755; 95% CI 1.302-2.366, respectively). Conclusion: Prevalence of pterygium in population aged above 50 years in Bali was 36.4%. Pterygium was significantly associated with educational level and occupation in population aged above 50 years in Bali.
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface. Dry eye disease is an important public health problem which lead to ocular discomfort and disrupt on the patient’s daily activity. The prevalence of DED varies with age and demographic between 5,5% - 50,1% and increased with age and has been associated with chronic illness such as diabetes melitus and hypertension. This study to investigate the correlation between DED with depression, anxiety and stress. Research location at Sanglah Hospital eye policlinic in Denpasar-Bali with 93 sample were analyzed. Data was analyzed to get correlation between DED and depression, anxiety and stress with sex, education, work, and chronic illness used SPSS program. Ninety-three patients admitted to eye policlinic, mostly female 50 (53,8%) with median age 45,00 ±12,445. The correlation between DED and depression, anxiety and stress showed inversely correlation. The correlation between OSDI score with depression, anxiety and stress showed positive correlation (depression r 0,27, p=0,008; anxiety r 0,31, p= 0,003; stress r 0,29, p=0,004). There are correlation of OSDI score with depression, anxiety and stress but not correlated with objective DED tests. Higher OSDI score was correlated with higher depression, anxiety and stress score.
Background: Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is malignant neoplasm of the vascular endothelium, caused by Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV 8). Clinical variants consist of classic KS, iatrogenic KS, and AIDS KS. The manifestation of KS in the eye may occur in the eyelids, the lacrimal sac or gland, the orbit and bulbar or palpebral conjunctiva. This case study aims to demonstrate the incidental finding of conjunctival Kaposi sarcoma (KS) leading to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) diagnosis.Case Presentation: A 34-years old male patient presented with a three-month history of progressively growing reddish mass in bulbar conjunctiva of the left eye. A mass with notable aggressive tumor characteristics heightened the suspicion for KS and comprehensive assessments were done accordingly. The patient was found to suffer from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS. Multistep approach treatment was commenced to treat AIDS-related KS and prevent recurrence in this case.Conclusion: Patients with undiagnosed HIV infection would benefit from early diagnosis initiated by AIDS-defining illnesses such as KS. Given early identification and comprehensive management, KS abridged the time to diagnosis of HIV infection.
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