The Prevalence of Amblyopia, Strabismus, and Ptosis in Schoolchildren of Dezful

Abstract

Purpose To determine the prevalence of amblyopia, strabismus, and ptosis among schoolchildren in Dezful in the west of Iran. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 1,375 schoolchildren of Dezful were selected through multistage cluster sampling. After obtaining written consents, participants had uncorrected and corrected visual acuity tests, cycloplegic refraction, and the cover test, and were examined for ptosis at the school site. Results Of the 1,151 study participants (83.7%), examinations were completed for 1,130 schoolchildren. Prevalence rates of amblyopia, strabismus, and ptosis were 2.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.8-4.7), 1.9% (95% CI: 0.2-3.8), and 0.8%, respectively. Anisometropia was the most common cause of amblyopia; 45.2% of cases had anisometropic amblyopia. Among cases with strabismus, 63.6% were exotropic and 36.4% were esotropic. Conclusion The present study indicated that the prevalence of amblyopia and strabismus in Dezful schoolchildren falls in the average range. Since the Amblyopia Screening Program has been running for years, we expected lower rates compared to previous years, but this was not observed. Correcting refractive errors can significantly reduce amblyopic cases.

The prevalence of amblyopia in Iran: A systematic review

“… 32 2007 Dezful 5544 Schoolchildren 0.91 Random cluster sampling 17 Yekta et al. 33 2016 Dezful 1375 Schoolchildren 2.7 Multistage cluster sampling 18 Hashemi et al. 34 2011 Tehran 3519 5–86 years 3.69 Multistage (clustering & stratification) 19 Rajavi et al.…”

“…The main target group in six articles were children up to six years old, 22 , 23 , 25 , 38 , 41 , 42 , 43 and in 20 articles, the subjects aged from 6 to 22 years old. 14 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 24 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 30 , 32 , 33 , 35 , 36 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 In two articles, the elderly age group was also included. 29 , 34 In most cases, cluster sampling was done, 14 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 26 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 35 , 37 , 46 and in others, random sampling had been used.…”

“… 14 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 24 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 30 , 32 , 33 , 35 , 36 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 In two articles, the elderly age group was also included. 29 , 34 In most cases, cluster sampling was done, 14 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 26 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 35 , 37 , 46 and in others, random sampling had been used. 27 , 34 , 36 , 45 , 47 However, in some articles, the method of sampling was not clearly indicated.…”

“… 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 Several studies in different regions of Iran have also reported the prevalence of amblyopia. 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37…”

Analysis of alterations in white matter integrity of adult patients with comitant exotropia

“… 2 Clinically, exotropia is usually coupled with amblyopia and loss of binocular function. 3 , 4 Therefore, patients with exotropia experience daily inconveniences and a negative impact on life. Surgery is generally performed for the treatment of exotropia.…”