The Prevalence and the Incidence of Diagnosed Open-Angle Glaucoma and Diagnosed Angle-Closure Glaucoma: Changes From 2001 to 2010

Chiu, Shin-Lin; Chu, Chiao-Lee; Muo, Chih‐Hsin; Chen, Chiu-Liang; Lan, Shou‐Jen

doi:10.1097/ijg.0000000000000381

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Besides, the diagnostic prevalence of glaucoma in the younger age categories was almost the same as that in the older age categories. One reason is that the prevalence of open-angle glaucoma (including normal tension glaucoma) has been higher than that of angle-closure glaucoma since 2005 [ 21 ], and patients with normal tension glaucoma generally have a younger age than those with angle-closure glaucoma [ 22 ], thus lowering the average age of glaucoma patients. Another reason is the high accessibility of healthcare achieved by the Taiwan NHI system [ 23 ], thus glaucoma can be diagnosed at an earlier age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between glaucoma and risk of depression: a nationwide population-based cohort study

et al. 2018

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BackgroundPrevious cross-sectional studies revealed a higher prevalence of depression among glaucoma patients. However, cohort studies were in lack to build the risk of incident depression after the diagnosis of glaucoma. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between glaucoma and the subsequent risk of developing depression and to assess risk factors associated with depression in glaucoma patients.MethodsA population-based retrospective cohort study using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database was conducted from January 1, 2001 through December 31, 2011. Glaucoma patients (n = 8777) and age- and gender-matched control subjects without glaucoma (n = 35,108) were enrolled in the study. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated to compare the cumulative hazard of subsequent depression between the glaucoma and control groups. A Cox regression analysis estimated the crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for depression. Risk factors leading to depression were investigated among the glaucoma patients.ResultsGlaucoma patients had a significantly higher cumulative hazard of depression compared to the control group (p-value < 0.0001). The Cox regression model indicated that the glaucoma group had a significantly higher risk of depression (adjusted HR = 1.71). Within the glaucoma group, significant risk factors for depression included age, female, low income, substance abuse, and living alone. However, the use of β-blocker eye drops and the number of glaucoma medications were not significant risk factors for depression.ConclusionPatients with glaucoma are at significantly greater risk of developing depression. Among glaucoma patients, age, female, low income, substance abuse, and living alone were significant risk factors for depression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between glaucoma and risk of depression: a nationwide population-based cohort study

et al. 2018

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“…Whereas cataract and refractive errors are curable diseases, glaucoma leads to irreversible vision loss. According to estimates, in 2040, glaucoma will cause blindness or scotoma to nearly 111.8 million people [ 4 ], with an upward trend due to aging population [ 5 , 6 ]. As a neurodegenerative disease, glaucoma is characterized by morphological changes at the optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber layer [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synapse and Receptor Alterations in Two Different S100B-Induced Glaucoma-Like Models

Benning¹,

Reinehr²,

Grotegut³

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Glaucoma is identified by an irreversible retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and optic nerve damage. Over the past few years, the immune system gained importance in its genesis. In a glaucoma-like animal model with intraocular S100B injection, RGC death occurs at 14 days. In an experimental autoimmune glaucoma model with systemic S100B immunization, a loss of RGCs is accompanied by a decreased synaptic signal at 28 days. Here, we aimed to study synaptic alterations in these two models. In one group, rats received a systemic S100B immunization (n = 7/group), while in the other group, S100B was injected intraocularly (n = 6–7/group). Both groups were compared to appropriate controls and investigated after 14 days. While inhibitory post-synapses remained unchanged in both models, excitatory post-synapses degenerated in animals with intraocular S100B injection (p = 0.03). Excitatory pre-synapses tendentially increased in animals with systemic S100B immunization (p = 0.08) and significantly decreased in intraocular ones (p = 0.04). Significantly more n-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (both p ≤ 0.04) as well as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors (both p < 0.03) were observed in S100B animals in both models. We assume that an upregulation of these receptors causes the interacting synapse types to degenerate. Heightened levels of excitatory pre-synapses could be explained by remodeling followed by degeneration.

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“…1 In Taiwan, the prevalence and the incidence of open angle glaucoma (OAG) and angle closure glaucoma (ACG) are the highest among people of advanced age. 2 There are various commercially available glaucoma medications that can be prescribed by a clinician. 3 In the past three decades, topical beta-blockers have served as first-line drugs for glaucoma treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between topical beta-blockers and risks of cardiovascular and respiratory disease in patients with glaucoma: a retrospective cohort study

et al. 2020

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ObjectiveTo determine if topical beta-blocker use is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in patients with glaucoma.SettingA retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using the database from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance programme.ParticipantsIn total, 12 336 newly diagnosed patients with glaucoma from January 2000 to December 2010 were included. The patients with glaucoma were subdivided into two cohorts according to whether they used topical beta-blockers or combination drugs (BBCDs).Primary outcome measuresThe study endpoints included pneumonia, acute respiratory failure, stroke and coronary artery disease (CAD). Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for the endpoints of both cohorts.ResultsThe BBCD cohort had a slightly higher risk of acute respiratory failure (adjusted HRs=1.16, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.34) and lower risk of CAD (aHR=0.93, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.99) than the non-BBCD cohort. Additionally, the risk of stroke was significantly higher in BBCD cohort than in the non-BBCD cohort (aHR=1.39, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.58), especially the ischaemic stroke (aHR=1.44, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.64; aHR=1.44, 98.75% CI 1.21 to 1.71). After considering the multiplicative interaction of age and sex, the BBCD cohort do not have higher risk of all outcomes than the non-BBCD cohort. Further time-dependent regression analysis revealed BBCD cohort had higher risk of acute respiratory failure (aHR=1.17, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.35) and ischaemic stroke (aHR=1.44, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.65) than non-BBCD cohort. However, after considering the multiplicative interaction of age and sex, the BBCD cohort had no significantly higher risk of all outcomes than the non-BBCD cohort.ConclusionTopical beta-blocker is not associated with increased risks of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in patients with glaucoma.

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The Prevalence and the Incidence of Diagnosed Open-Angle Glaucoma and Diagnosed Angle-Closure Glaucoma: Changes From 2001 to 2010

Abstract: In Taiwan, ACG was more prevalent in women and OAG might be more prevalent in men. The prevalence of ACG was higher than that of OAG before 2005, but the prevalence of OAG has been higher than that of ACG since 2005.

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

The association between glaucoma and risk of depression: a nationwide population-based cohort study

The association between glaucoma and risk of depression: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Synapse and Receptor Alterations in Two Different S100B-Induced Glaucoma-Like Models

Association between topical beta-blockers and risks of cardiovascular and respiratory disease in patients with glaucoma: a retrospective cohort study

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