The Presence of Workplace Bullying and Harassment Worldwide

Workplace Bullying: a Study on Urban Collective Transportation

“…Aspects related to the characteristics of the studied segment are important because the organizational culture and socialization processes affect the way the WB emerges and how it is perceived and confronted (León-Pérez et al 2019). The characteristics of the sample corroborate those of the professionals in the UCT context, dominated by men (Assunção and Medeiros 2015;Battiston et al 2006;Glasø et al 2011; Moura Neto and Silva 2012) and mostly composed of drivers and ticket collectors, considered the operational sector of the company.…”

“…Among the participants, 33.7% recognized themselves as victims of WB. This result considers the importance of subjectivity in the assessment of psychosocial phenomena (León-Pérez et al 2019). It also showed higher results than the findings by Glasø et al (2011), in which 11.6% of the Norwegian bus drivers interviewed identified themselves as targets of this type of violence, revealing that this may be a high-risk occupation.…”

“…Lincoln and Gregory (2015) also consider busses as traditionally dominated by men, in which the social constructions of masculinity determine a certain autonomy, dispense the help of others, and demand a firm and fearless attitude to deal with issues related to passengers, for example. Thus, such cultural mechanisms would favor the acceptance of aggressive behaviors and rudeness (Kornig et al 2017;León-Pérez et al 2019; Lincoln and Gregory 2015), which would minimize or even trivialize violence at work (Geoffrion et al 2017). Thus, although personal differences, and not specifically sex, can affect the way a WB situation is perceived and confronted, evidence shows that male workers may feel less threatened by violent acts and perceive direct aggressive acts as more acceptable (León-Pérez et al 2019).…”

“…The research by Leymann (1996) indicated 3.5% of cases among workers in Sweden. Differences in prevalence between countries were reported in the review by León-Pérez et al (2019). The results revealed high rates in countries underrepresented in the literature, such as those in South America, Asia-pacific, and Central Asia regions.…”

“…The studies on the incidence of WB in several countries highlight the differences in the form of capturing and measuring, as well as in the conceptualization, besides the multiplicity of defining criteria for each country (and within the same country), which signals the need for caution in interpreting data (Bradaschia, 2007;León-Pérez, Escartín and Giorgi 2019;Salin et al, 2019). Research also portrays social, cultural, and geographical differences, as well as methodological ones, in the way of conducting the studies (Agervold 2007;Bradaschia 2007;Freitas, Heloani and Barreto 2008;Geoffrion et al 2017;Guimarães, Vasconcelos, Andrade, Stephanini and Rego 2005;León-Pérez et al, 2019;Rueda, Baptista and Cardoso 2015;Salin et al, 2019).…”