The Potential Role of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in COVID-19: A Corollary Subjective Effect or Not?

Babalghith, Ahmad O.; Al-Kuraishy, Hayder M; Al-Gareeb, Ali I; Waard, Michel De; Sabatier, Jean‐Marc; Saad, Hebatallah M.; Batiha, Gaber El‐Saber

doi:10.3390/diagnostics12092051

Cited by 40 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…As well, the design of these studies may limit the detection of cognitive dysfunction in patients with cardiovascular diseases [ 50 , 52 ]. Notably, a population-based study from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging involving 1160 patients for assessment of neuroimaging biomarkers in AD patients aged more than 65 years with a history of cardiovascular complications on statins pharmacotherapy showed no significant correlation between long-term statins and tau/amyloid burden [ 121 , 122 ]. This finding proposed that statins pharmacotherapy had neutral effects on AD pathogenesis.…”

Section: Statins and Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Statins Use in Alzheimer Disease: Bane or Boon from Frantic Search and Narrative Review

et al. 2022

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was used to describe pre-senile dementia to differentiate it from senile dementia, which develops in the adult age group of more than 65 years. AD is characterized by the deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque and tau-neurofibrillary tangles (TNTs) in the brain. The neuropathological changes in AD are related to the deposition of amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and progression of neuroinflammation, neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy dysfunction, and cholinergic synaptic dysfunction. Statins are one of the main cornerstone drugs for the management of cardiovascular disorders regardless of dyslipidemia status. Increasing the use of statins, mainly in the elderly groups for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, may affect their cognitive functions. Extensive and prolonged use of statins may affect cognitive functions in healthy subjects and dementia patients. Statins-induced cognitive impairments in both patients and health providers had been reported according to the post-marketing survey. This survey depends mainly on sporadic cases, and no cognitive measures were used. Evidence from prospective and observational studies gives no robust conclusion regarding the beneficial or detrimental effects of statins on cognitive functions in AD patients. Therefore, this study is a narrative review aimed with evidences to the beneficial, detrimental, and neutral effects of statins on AD.

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Section: Statins and Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Statins Use in Alzheimer Disease: Bane or Boon from Frantic Search and Narrative Review

et al. 2022

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“…ACE2 is highly distributed and expressed in many organs, including the intestine, kidney, lung, brain, heart, testis, and some immune cells [ 8 , 9 ]. Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection induces an exaggeration of immune response and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines with the progression of hypercytokinemia and cytokine storm [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiology of Post-COVID syndromes: a new perspective

Batiha

Al-Kuraishy

Al-Gareeb

et al. 2022

Virol J

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Most COVID-19 patients recovered with low mortality; however, some patients experienced long-term symptoms described as “long-COVID” or “Post-COVID syndrome” (PCS). Patients may have persisting symptoms for weeks after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, including dyspnea, fatigue, myalgia, insomnia, cognitive and olfactory disorders. These symptoms may last for months in some patients. PCS may progress in association with the development of mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), which is a distinct kind of mast cell activation disorder, characterized by hyper-activation of mast cells with inappropriate and excessive release of chemical mediators. COVID-19 survivors, mainly women, and patients with persistent severe fatigue for 10 weeks after recovery with a history of neuropsychiatric disorders are more prone to develop PCS. High D-dimer levels and blood urea nitrogen were observed to be risk factors associated with pulmonary dysfunction in COVID-19 survivors 3 months post-hospital discharge with the development of PCS. PCS has systemic manifestations that resolve with time with no further complications. However, the final outcomes of PCS are chiefly unknown. Persistence of inflammatory reactions, autoimmune mimicry, and reactivation of pathogens together with host microbiome alterations may contribute to the development of PCS. The deregulated release of inflammatory mediators in MCAS produces extraordinary symptoms in patients with PCS. The development of MCAS during the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection is correlated to COVID-19 severity and the development of PCS. Therefore, MCAS is treated by antihistamines, inhibition of synthesis of mediators, inhibition of mediator release, and inhibition of degranulation of mast cells.

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“…They act through the activities of their pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic products, thereby serving as indicators of the success or failure of apoptosis. Several studies revealed the high expression of the tumor-suppressor protein p53, followed by the accumulation of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax, which activated the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis [ 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Analysis and Understanding the Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties of Methanol Extract from Litsea glutinosa: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

et al. 2022

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Litsea glutinosa (L. glutinosa) is considered an evidence-based medicinal plant for the treatment of cancer, the leading cause of death worldwide. In our study, the in vitro antioxidant and in vivo anticancer properties of an essential ethno-medicinal plant, L. glutinosa, were examined using non-toxic doses and a phytochemical analysis was executed using gas-chromatography–mass-spectrometry. The in vitro antioxidant study of the L. glutinosa methanolic extract (LGBME) revealed a concentration-dependent antioxidant property. The bark extract showed promising antioxidant effects in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The strongest antioxidant activity was demonstrated at the maximum concentration (50 µg/mL). The IC50 values of the LGBME and BHT were 5.51 and 5.01 µg/mL, respectively. At the same concentration, the total antioxidant capacity of the LGBME was 0.161 µg/mL and the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay result of the LGBME was 1.783 µg/mL. In the cytotoxicity study, the LD50 of the LGBME and gallic acid were 24.93 µg/mL and 7.23 µg/mL, respectively. In the in vivo anticancer-activity studies, the LGBME, particularly at a dose of 150 mg/kg/bw, showed significant cell-growth inhibition, decreased tumor weight, increased mean survival rate, and upregulated the reduced hematological parameters in EAC (Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma)-induced Swiss albino mice. The highest cell-growth inhibition, 85.76%, was observed with the dose of 150 mg/kg/bw. Furthermore, the upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes (p53, Bax) and the downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 were observed. In conclusion, LGBME extract has several bioactive phytoconstituents, which confirms the antioxidant and anticancer properties of L. glutinosa.

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The Potential Role of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in COVID-19: A Corollary Subjective Effect or Not?

Cited by 40 publications

References 99 publications

Statins Use in Alzheimer Disease: Bane or Boon from Frantic Search and Narrative Review

Statins Use in Alzheimer Disease: Bane or Boon from Frantic Search and Narrative Review

Pathophysiology of Post-COVID syndromes: a new perspective

Phytochemical Analysis and Understanding the Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties of Methanol Extract from Litsea glutinosa: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

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