The Potential of α-Mangostin from Garcinia mangostana as an Effective Antimicrobial Agent—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

This systematic review aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of α-mangostin derived from Garcinia mangostana against different microbes. A literature search was performed using PubMed and Science Direct until March 2022. The research question was developed based on a PICO (Population, Intervention, Control and Outcomes) model. In this study, the population of interest was microbes, α-mangostin extracted from Garcinia mangostana was used as exposure while antibiotics were used as control, followed by the outcome which is determined by the antimicrobial activity of α-mangostin against studied microbes. Two reviewers independently performed the comprehensive literature search following the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A methodological quality assessment was carried out using a scoring protocol and the risk of bias in the studies was analyzed. Reward screening was performed among the selected articles to perform a meta-analysis based on the pre-determined criteria. Case groups where α-mangostin extracted from Garcinia mangostana was incorporated were compared to groups using different antibiotics or antiseptic agents (control) to evaluate their effectiveness. A total of 30 studies were included; they were heterogeneous in their study design and the risk of bias was moderate. The results showed a reduction in microbial counts after the incorporation of α-mangostin, which resulted in better disinfection and effectiveness against multiple microbes. Additionally, the meta-analysis result revealed no significant difference (p > 0.05) in their effectiveness when α-mangostin was compared to commercially available antibiotics. α-mangostin worked effectively against the tested microbes and was shown to have inhibitory effects on microbes with antibiotic resistance.

The utilization of mangosteen pericarp extract for anticoccidial drug replacement in broiler feed

“…The antimicrobial effect of α-mangostin on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria has been reported. In this work, we focused on highly concerned bacteria, which was found to be in concordance with the literature conveying that the compound showed promising antimicrobial effects [ 36 ]. Besides, we highlighted the antibacterial effect of α-mangostin against Salmonella spp.…”

The Effectiveness of α-Mangostin in Reducing the Streptococcus Mutans Biofilm Thickness

“…Additionally, αmangostin, though plant-based, produced similar antimicrobial activity in comparison with commercially available antibiotics. 20 Based on the result, it is concluded that the greater the content of mangostin is, the more inhibited the Streptococcus mutans biofilm will be.…”

“…3 In addition, αmangostin in the xanthones of the mangosteen fruit is antibacterial. 10,20 A Research revealed that the content of mangosteen peel extract, αmangostin, reduced Streptococcus mutans. 10 In addition, Yanura also denoted the inhibitory power of mangosteen peel with concentrations of 3.125, 6.25, and 12.5 g/ml, indicating the presence of an inhibitory zone of α-mangostin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.…”

The Mangosteen Peel Ethyl Acetate Extract-based Cream Inhibits Ultraviolet-B Radiation-induced Hyperpigmentation in Guinea Pig Skin

“…Using HPLC, metabolite profile showed that mangosteen peel ethyl acetate extract contains a high amount of α-mangosteen (Figure 1). The previous studies reported that there are 40 xanthones in the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit, with alpha-, beta-, and gamma-mangostin being the most prevalent ones [22], [23]. They contain a distinctive chemical composition that includes a tricyclic aromatic system with isoprene, hydroxyl, and methoxyl groups [24].…”