The Potential of Natural Propolis Extract Combined with Bovine Bone Graft in Increasing Heat Shock Protein 70 and Osteocalcin on Socket Preservation

Abstract

Objective This study aims to combine natural propolis with bovine bone graft (BBG) as a means of extraction socket preservation after 3 and 7 days toward expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 and osteocalcin to regenerate bone. Materials and MethodsThe Cavia cobaya were divided into eight groups, each consisting of seven samples. Their lower left incisors were extracted and induced with PEG, propolis extract, BBG, and a combination of propolis extract BBG. The research subjects were terminated on days 3 and 7 postextraction. Immunohistochemical and histopathological examinations were subsequently performed to observe HSP 70 expression, osteocalcin expression, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. Statistical Analysis Data obtained were then analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) tests. Results Both the groups with the combination of propolis extract and BBG on days 3 and 7 were found to present the highest number of HSP70 expression, osteocalcin expression, and osteoblast cells as well as the lowest number of osteoclasts. Conclusion Both the groups with the combination of propolis extract and BBG on days 3 and 7 were found to present the highest number of HSP70 expression, osteocalcin expression, and osteoblast cells as well as the lowest number of osteoclasts. AbstractKeywords ► propolis ► bovine bone graft ► heat shock protein 70 ► osteocalcin ► bone regeneration

Application of Propolis in Protecting Skeletal and Periodontal Health—A Systematic Review

“…In two studies by Kresnoadi et al, male guinea pigs with OTM treated with propolis (2% propolis in polyethylene glycol; 0.1 mL propolis extract) for 3 and 7 days showed increased bone formation at the alveolar bone, as evidenced by increased osteoblast number and protein expression of osteocalcin. Propolis also reduced bone resorption at the alveolar bone, as evidenced by decreased osteoclast number [50,51]. In another study by Wiwekowati et al [52], propolis treatment (5% propolis gel for 17 days) showed increased osteoblast number in the alveolar bone of rats with OTM.…”

“…The bone healing properties of propolis were explored using critical non-union bone defects in Wistar rats (dose of propolis: 0.1 mL of 250 mg/mL propolis percutaneously with chitosan or bone graft) [44], femur fracture in Sprague Dawley rats (implanted with 60% propolis loaded implants and treated with 200 mg/kg of propolis) [45], distraction osteogenesis in New Zealand white rabbits (dose of propolis: 100 and 200 mg/kg) [46]. For the periodontal models, periodontitis-induced bone loss in Wistar rats and C57BL/6 mice (dose of propolis: 100-200 mg/kg) [47][48][49], orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in Wistar rats and guinea pigs (dose of propolis: 2-5% and 100 µL of propolis) [50][51][52]; delayed tooth replantation in Wistar rats (dose of propolis: 200 mL of 15% propolis solution) [53], rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in Wistar rats (dose of propolis: 100 mg/kg or propolis) [54]; grade II furcation-induced bone loss in mongrel dogs (dose of propolis: 400 mg in graft) [55] were studied. In animal studies, densitometry method was used to measure bone mass, micro-computed tomography and bone histomorphometry were used to determine bone microstructure, and circulating bone markers were used to estimate the bone remodelling.…”

“…Overall, 2 studies showed that propolis suppressed osteoclastogenesis [39,40], while 2 studies showed that propolis promoted osteoblastogenesis [41,42]. In the animal experiments, propolis inhibited bone loss due to periodontitis in 2 studies [48,49], bone loss due to periodontitis/STZ-induced diabetes in 1 study [56], bone loss due to OTM in 3 studies [50][51][52] and bone loss due to dental implantitis in 1 study [41]. Propolis prevented systemic bone loss due to STZ-induced diabetes in 1 study [43].…”

Effect of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Provision on Fibroblast Growth Factor-2, Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression, Osteoclast and Osteoblast Numbers during Experimental Tooth Movement in Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

“…35 Additionally, the antioxidant marker such as heat shock protein-70 and the bone regeneration marker, osteocalcin expression and osteoblast number are increased but not osteoclast number after propolis extract combined with bone graft transplantation in alveolar bone defect animal model. 36 One of the goals of OTM is to move and align the teeth in an efficient manner with minimum side effects in the surrounding tissues. 37 To achieve the optimal OTM, alveolar bone remodeling homeostasis should be done.…”

Tissue repair in post extraction sockets of Cavia cobaya induced by a combination of propolis and graft

“…In a study conducted by Perkasa (2016) analyzing the effect of propolis on the number of osteoclast cells, propolis, as an antioxidant, was shown to increase bone remodeling by accelerating the differentiation of osteoblast cells, thereby minimizing bone resorption. Study by Kresnoadi et al (2020) also stated that combination of propolis extract and bovine bone graft was shown to increase the expressions of HSP70 and osteocalcin, accelerating the differentiation of osteoblast cells. In addition, it was proved that propolis can also accelerate the wound healing process.…”