Effect of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Provision on Fibroblast Growth Factor-2, Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression, Osteoclast and Osteoblast Numbers during Experimental Tooth Movement in Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Abstract

Objectives To investigate the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) provision on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) expression, osteoclast and osteoblast numbers during experimental orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). Materials and Methods Forty-eight healthy male Wistar rats (R. norvegicus), 16 to 20 weeks old with 200 to 250 g body weight (bw) were divided into several groups as follows: K1: OTM for 3 days; K2: OTM for 7 days; K3: OTM for 14 days; KP1: OTM and CAPE for 3 days; KP2: OTM and CAPE for 7 days; and KP3: OTM and CAPE for 14 days. A nickel titanium closed coil spring 8.0 mm long with 10 g/mm2 was installed between the upper left first molar and upper central incisor to move molar mesially. CAPE provision with a dose of 20 mg/kg bw of animal studies was done per orally. Immunohistochemistry was done to examine MMP-9 expression and osteoclast number in compression side as well as FGF-2 expression and osteoblast number in tensile side of the OTM. Statistical Analysis One-way analysis of variance test and Tukey’s honest significant difference test were performed to determine the difference between the groups (p < 0.05). Results MMP-9 expression and osteoclast numbers in the compression side were significantly different between the groups. Similarly, FGF-2 expression and osteoclast numbers in the tensile side were significantly different between the groups. Conclusions CAPE provision during OTM increases the number of osteoblasts and the FGF-2 expression significantly in the tensile side. Osteoclast numbers and MMP-9 expression significantly decrease in the compression side.

Decision-Making Criteria of Odontectomy or Surgical Exposure in Impacted Maxillary Canine Based on Treatment Difficulty Index Modification

“…Before settling on a definitive treatment in this circumstance, all considerations must be evaluated. 3,24,26 The fact that this is a retrospective study is one of the study's limitations. Furthermore, the number of samples was limited by inclusion criteria, and surgical exposure or odontectomy in patients was done by multiple different surgical operators.…”

“…Before settling on a definitive treatment in this circumstance, all considerations must be evaluated. 3 24 26…”

Gingiva Mesenchymal Stem Cells Normoxic or Hypoxic Preconditioned Application Under Orthodontic Mechanical Force on Osterix, Osteopontin, and ALP Expression

“…On the compression side, bone resorption occurs due to osteoclast activity that originates from hematopoietic stem cells on the compression side, and bone apposition occurs due to osteoblast activity that originates from MSCs on the tension side during OMF. 2 The goal of this study was to investigate whether transplanting allogeneic GMSCs preconditions hypoxia to Osterix, ALP, and osteopontin expression on the tension and compression sides. Those bone apposition biomarkers are important for the investigation of alveolar bone remodeling under OMF.…”

“…1 The direction of force where bone remodeling occurs -specifically, bone resorption on the compression side and bone apposition on the tension side of the periodontal ligament (PDL)-determines the direction in which teeth move. 2 The ideal strength for orthodontic mechanical force (OMF) is the amount of force that can promote cellular activity without harming the blood vessels in the PDL. 3 Tooth movement occurs in three stages: (1) changes in blood flow caused by pressure on the PDL, (2) the creation and/or release of chemical mediators, and (3) cell activation.…”

“…20 Mechanical load-driven remodeling of the PDL and alveolar bone is caused by OMF. [1][2][3] The PDL microvessels' constriction causes localized necrosis, which sets off the initial inflammatory response at the compression site. Next, osteoclasts are recruited from the surrounding bone marrow region.…”