The potential of 3D printing in urological research and patient care

Colaco, Marc; Igel, Daniel; Atala, Anthony

doi:10.1038/nrurol.2018.6

Cited by 49 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Following these two trends, alone with the increasing call from the scientific world toward limiting biomedical testing on living animals [ 97 ], the development of potential 3D Vibratory Scaffold, which better mimics real in vivo conditions could be partly used as an alternative for medical testing in animals, which can be considered as the third trend. In addition to these, the advanced 3D printing (3DP) methods will possibly witness higher applicability as the tendency in future scaffold engineering [ 37 , 98 , 99 ]. 3DP will potentially be utilized as fabrication method for both advanced/novel 3D static and passive scaffold, but also the 3D vibratory scaffold that could emerge in near future, the discussion of which will be illustrated in following section.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3DP technologies has the exact layer-based CAD approach, and makes it probably the optimal tool for achieving 3DVS. Following this, the current and continuously increasing advances in 3DP associated with tomographic reconstruction and intellectual modelling could allow for current complex scaffold architectures with a further range of length scales, as well as higher geometric options [ 37 , 100 ]. This could evidentially benefit aspects, such as design flexibility and structural fabricability in future 3D scaffolds when focusing on potential design requirements of 3D vibratory scaffold.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As new biocompatible materials and “bio-inks” being created or synthesized [ 35 , 103 , 104 ], 3D printed scaffolds used in tissue and cell engineering tend to become more effective in cell culture applications, and this helps to cooperate with future scaffolds, which tend to have the same application as cultivating cells. Furthermore, hybrid 3DP approaches, alone with novel 3DP methods gradually being discovered [ 37 , 105 , 106 , 107 ], also make the 3D scaffold in next generation more promising. These hybrid systems could have the potential to mitigate the disadvantages of any 3DP technology used alone, such as the limited material selection of definite 3DP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trinity of Three-Dimensional (3D) Scaffold, Vibration, and 3D Printing on Cell Culture Application: A Systematic Review and Indicating Future Direction

2018

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Cell culture and cell scaffold engineering have previously developed in two directions. First can be ‘static into dynamic’, with proven effects that dynamic cultures have benefits over static ones. Researches in this direction have used several mechanical means, like external vibrators or shakers, to approximate the dynamic environments in real tissue, though such approaches could only partly address the issue. Second, can be ‘2D into 3D’, that is, artificially created three-dimensional (3D) passive (also called ‘static’) scaffolds have been utilized for 3D cell culture, helping external culturing conditions mimic real tissue 3D environments in a better way as compared with traditional two-dimensional (2D) culturing. In terms of the fabrication of 3D scaffolds, 3D printing (3DP) has witnessed its high popularity in recent years with ascending applicability, and this tendency might continue to grow along with the rapid development in scaffold engineering. In this review, we first introduce cell culturing, then focus 3D cell culture scaffold, vibration stimulation for dynamic culture, and 3DP technologies fabricating 3D scaffold. Potential interconnection of these realms will be analyzed, as well as the limitations of current 3D scaffold and vibration mechanisms. In the recommendation part, further discussion on future scaffold engineering regarding 3D vibratory scaffold will be addressed, indicating 3DP as a positive bridging technology for future scaffold with integrated and localized vibratory functions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trinity of Three-Dimensional (3D) Scaffold, Vibration, and 3D Printing on Cell Culture Application: A Systematic Review and Indicating Future Direction

2018

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“…Several reasons could be provided here. Put briefly, since 3DP techniques are further fine-tailored [19,20] and more bio-functional materials become available [21][22][23][24][25], it has been used for achieving both traditional scaffolds and advanced 3D static ones. Design of the 3D vibratory scaffold could be partly attributed to how to make the best 3DP characteristics inside the scaffold itself, namely geometric control and material composition.…”

Section: D Printed Vibratory Scaffold (3dpvs) In Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

Concept Justification of Future 3DPVS and Novel Approach towards its Conceptual Development

Yuan

Xing

Hsu

2018

Designs

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The categorization of cell culture chiefly includes two aspects; one is the dimensionality and another regards the dynamicity. Referring to knowledge of "engineering system evolution", 2D toward 3D cell culture follows the direction of evolution in dimensionality, and 3D scaffolds with 3DP as its popular fabrication tools has played a role in 3D cell culture applications. Dynamic methods of cell culturing, compared with traditional static means, generally follow the evolution line "static to motional or dynamic", and vibration has been selected frequently as the suitable tool to achieve the dynamicity of cell culture. Although such a scaffold plus vibration approach has benefited cell culture, there exist significant defects. To mitigate some existing gaps, as well as following further evolutionary trends, the concept of the 3D printed vibratory scaffold (3DPVS) used in cell culture applications is firstly brought out in this study. With 3DPVS, a 3D scaffold in traditional scaffold engineering could potentially evolve into a novel vibratory scaffold which will play significant role in future bioengineering and scaffold engineering. Since 3DPVS's development remains blank, designers firstly need to propose a high-quality conceptual design; the process of identifying design methodology is challenging since there has been no formal methodology applied for scaffold design. To address these issues, a new design approach is proposed in this paper, which includes an integral development process and focuses on the 3DPVS conceptual stage. The possible methodology and tools to achieve the established conceptual design in following step will be also be discussed.

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“…Fused deposition modelling (FDM) printing is the most commonly used and lowest cost approach since the expiry of patents. In describing the low cost of 3D printing, many medical research papers quote a price of USD 300 for a 3D printer (2)(3)(4). However, many clinicians may be unaware of the quality of print that can be achieved with such a low cost 3D printing method when compared to conventional manufacturing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional printing versus conventional machining in the creation of a meatal urethral dilator: a cost and mechanical strength analysis

Chen

Skewes

Daley

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a promising technology in medicine. Low-cost 3D printing options are accessible but the limitations are often poorly understood. We aim to compare fused deposition modelling (FDM), the most common and low cost 3D printing technique, with selective laser sintering (SLS) and conventional machining techniques in manufacturing meatal urethral dilators which were recently removed from the Australian market.Methods A meatal urethral dilator was designed using computer-aided design (CAD). The dilator was 3D printed vertically orientated on a low cost FDM 3D printer in polylactic acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). It was also 3D printed horizontally orientated in ABS on a high-end FDM 3D printer with soluble support material, as well as on a SLS 3D printer in medical nylon. The dilator was also machined in medical stainless steel using a lathe. All dilators were tested mechanically in a custom rig by hanging calibrated weights from the handle until the dilator snapped.Results The horizontally printed ABS dilator experienced failure at a greater load than the vertically printed PLA and ABS dilators respectively (503g vs 283g vs 163g, p < 0.001). The SLS nylon dilator did not fail but began to bend and deformed at around 5,000g of pressure. The steel dilator did not bend even at 10,000g of pressure. The cost per dilator is highest for the steel dilator if assuming a low quantity of five at 98 USD, but this decreases to 30 USD for a quantity of 1000. In contrast, the cost for the SLS dilator is 33 USD for a quantity of five but relatively unchanged at 27 for a quantity of 1000.Conclusions SLS and conventional machining created clinically functional meatal dilators but low-cost FDM printing could not. We suggest that at the current time 3D printing is not a replacement for conventional manufacturing techniques which are still the most reliable way to produce large quantities of parts with a simple geometry such as the meatal dilator. 3D printing is best used for patient-specific parts, prototyping or manufacturing complex parts that have additional functionality that cannot be achieved with conventional machining methods.

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The potential of 3D printing in urological research and patient care

Cited by 49 publications

References 46 publications

Trinity of Three-Dimensional (3D) Scaffold, Vibration, and 3D Printing on Cell Culture Application: A Systematic Review and Indicating Future Direction

Trinity of Three-Dimensional (3D) Scaffold, Vibration, and 3D Printing on Cell Culture Application: A Systematic Review and Indicating Future Direction

Concept Justification of Future 3DPVS and Novel Approach towards its Conceptual Development

Three-dimensional printing versus conventional machining in the creation of a meatal urethral dilator: a cost and mechanical strength analysis

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